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Analysis of Changes in Plasma and Red Blood Cells Magnesium in Diabetes Induced by Alloxan in Rat

Magnesium (Mg++) is one of the essential trace elements involved in the regulation of the activity of several key enzymes of the lipids and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. It has been reported that magnesium has insulin mimetic effects, suggesting a role for this element in diabetes. Alloxan monohydrate is one of the common chemical compounds used for induction of diabetes in laboratory animals. However, the exact mechanism of the induction of diabetes by Alloxan and its effects on magnesium is not understood. In this study, the effects of Alloxan monohydrate on the concentration of inter-and intracellular magnesium following the induction of diabetes in rat was investigated. To induce diabetes, Alloxan monohydrate (120mg/kg) was injected into mail Wistar rats interperitoneally. The induction of diabetes was first confirmed by measuring the blood glucose 72 hrs following administration of Alloxan. The level of magnesium in red blood cells (RBCs) was measured and considered as intracellular magnesium. The level of magnesium in the plasma was considered as intercellular magnesium. The results demonstrated a sharp reduction in the concentration of magnesium in both plasma and RBCs (P<0.001). This finding suggested that induction of diabetes by Alloxan was possibly achieved through its involvement in the pathways regulating the turn over of magnesium. Furthermore, this study highlighted the importance of magnesium in the pathogenesis of diabetes, suggesting a role for magnesium in the treatment of the disease.