نظريه ذره و نگرش فخر رازي پيرامون جوهر فرد (بررسي تطبيقي )

A Comparative Study on Atomism and Al-Fakhr al-Din al-Raziʹs View on the Single Fundamental Substance

Atomism, originated from early Greek philosopherʹs studies on nature, owes its philosophical full form to Leucippus and Democritus. On this view, there are indivisible bodies, of perpetual movement and infinite both in number and variety of their shapes, or which everything else is composed. Fundamental particles in a definite sensible body are separated from one another by void and their association, their dissociation and their rearrangement leads respectively to coming- to -be, passing -away and alteration. Fkhr al-Din al-Razi, in spite of his contradictory saying, has finally agreed with the existence of invisible substantial particles, like physical points, and void in sensible bodies. For him, these point-like substances are of no shape and dimension and their number in a certain sensible body is, contrary to what is said in atomism, finite. In this view, dimension is known to be due to the association of fundamental particles. This paper does not agree with atomism when it says that an infinite number of dimensional particles are found in a certain sensible body and neither does with al-Razi when he says that the dimensions observed in a certian sensible body are due to association and that the number of those point-like particles in every sensible body is infinite. Now during the last three centuries experimental sciences have been greatly developed and in this way quantum physics has occurred, a kind of study which proves no shape and dimension for fundamentals. Al-Raziʹs view has been, therefore, strengthened and mathematical explanation has been preferred to geometrical one.