مقايسه تاثير شير مادر و شيرخشك بر درد ناشي از تزريق عضلاني نوزادان

Comparison Effect of Breast Feeding and Formula on Neonates Pain during Intramuscular Injections.

Introduction: Newborn infants routinely undergo painful invasive procedures, even after uncomplicated birth. Evidence shows that neonates do feel pain and may have increased sense to pain and its long term effects comparison with older infants. The purpose of this study was determining effect of breast feeding on pain during intramuscular injection of HBS vaccine in healthy newborns and compares any effect with expressed breast milk by bottle and formula by a bottle. Methods and Materials: This is a randomized clinical trial. Participants were 80 term newborn infant in four groups. During intramuscular injection newborns in group 1 (control) held in their mothers arm without any intervention for pain relief, group 2 were breast feed group 3 given expressed breast milk and group 4 given formula. Behavioral responses, physiological responses and crying time of newborns were noted minutes before, during and 2 minutes after intramuscular injection. Video recording and pulse oximetry was done for all samples. Results: There was no significant difference in physiologic responses caused by pain between 4 groups. But in crying time (p<0.017) and Facial changes during injection (p<0.03) and calming during injection (p<0.044) there was a significant differences between groups. In breast feed group crying time and behavioral responses facial changes and calming, during and after injection and crying severity after injection was less than control group. In expressed breast milk crying time and behavioral responses facial changes during injection and crying severity during and after injection was less than control group. But formula only affects on calming during injection and has not significant differences with control group in others pain responses Conclusion: Findings of this study indicates that breast milk especially by breast feeding effectively reduces pain of intramuscular injections in term neonates.