كليدواژه :
افتر , گروه كومشي , گويشهاي حوزه خزر , قومس , سمنان , خوار
چكيده لاتين :
This paper consists of a brief account of the village of Aftar, situated on the southern borders of the province of Mazandaran, followed by a historical phonology and descriptive grammar of its dialect. The data is extracted from the documentations of Sadiq Kia and Georg Morgenstierne.
An Iranian dialect, Aftari is grouped both diachronically and typologically together with some other dialects spoken around the town of Simnan, located east of Tehran, on the Great Khurasan Road along the southern foothills of the Alburz chain. For this group the designation "Komisenian", after the old name of the province, is proposed by the author. Komisenian belongs to the Caspian stock of the Northwest branch of Iranian languages.Like the neighboring Caspian dialects to its north, Aftari is a language of postpositions, and it has a relatively elaborate system of personal and demonstrative pronouns. Aftari shares with Tabari the element -enn- in present indicative, a remnant of *-ant-, an Old Iranian present-participle formant. In terms of ergativity Aftari holds a position between Tabari, which has none, and the Central Plateau Dialects which have preserved the system. Remnants of the Middle Iranian ergativity remain in Aftari as a distinct set of personal endings for the past transitive; these used to act as agents of transitive verbs. Thus the transitivity still plays a role in the past conjugation, but there are indications that the difference is fading away, most notably in 3rd person singular forms. The intransitive past tenses are marked by -st- preceding the personal endings, except for the 3rd person singular which has neither. The perfect tense has various constructions, often merging with the preterit, and thus may not be authentic to Aftari.
