كليدواژه :
جامعه مدني , وضع مدني , دولت , وضع طبيعي , قرارداد اجتماعي
چكيده لاتين :
The main aim of this paper is comparative enquiry of viewpoints of three social contract theoreticians; Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jan Jack Rousseau about state and civil society. The theory of social contract is based on this hypothesis that, human is lived in the "state of nature", before the state is consisted, in which the "law of nature" is ruled over humanʹs behaviors and actions and each person is acted on his/her intent. But many of needs and necessities are caused, that the humans come together and agree with each other to consist the state, with consisting of state in the form of social contract, the humans are succeed, transfer from the "state of nature" and enter to a new phase of social life which according social contract theories is known as "civil state" or "civil society".
The result of this comparative survey indicates that, although every three philosophers areed with each other about the totalities of transfer of society from "state of nature" to "civil state", but there are diversity of opinions between them about other subjects like: details of social transferring, identity or quality of social contract, enacting of laws, division of powers, type of government, empowers or authorities of state, civilian duties against state, it is very important to know about them, because above matters have been still discussed, reviewed and interpreted by contemporary political theories and approaches after many centuries.
