نقش قدرت مدني در سياست خارجي

The Schema of Civilian Power Role in Foreign Policy

This article analyses "role theory" and "schema of civilian power role", as two theories of international relations, in foreign policy. This study applies descriptive and analytic methods to redefine the schema of civilian power role and its theoretical foundations. Finding of this research indicates that the schema of civilian power role is based on two theories of constructivism and role theory. In a rational-positivist evaluation, as presented in neo-realism and liberal institutionalism, attempts has been made to concentrate on a rationalistic and utilitarian player in an anarchical system of autarky, in which its interests are more or less identified from outside. Contrary to realist approaches, in which priority is given to fixed and specified interests (physical survival and relative benefit), in constructivist theories, changeable interests are identified in terms of position. The role theory is ascribed to the players and explains qualitative differences of different players. Each state considers a role schema in its own foreign policy. This role schema includes subjects, perceptions, values, and norms of the state from the world around it, expectations of external world, and mechanism of appropriate behavior in international relations. In the role theory, the behavior of statesʹ foreign policy and their roles in international relations will be discussed and analyzed. This theory is more appropriate than other theories, because it reflects on both systemic and player levels. One of the roles of a governmental player is its role as a civilian power. After the end of the cold war, more attentions have been concentrated on adopting civilianized international relations and foreign policies in different countries of the world, and particularly in Japan and Germany.