نقد و بررسي ديدگاه سهروردي در باب وجود

Critical View of Sohravardiʹs Perspective on Existence

The most important theme in philosophical contemplation is ontology. The majority of philosophers have dealt with the different dimensions of this theme. The first independent discussion of existence was first made by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. It was later focused on in Islamic philosophy under the title ʹexistentialismʹ hy the peripatetic philosophers. Then. in his critique of their reasons. Shravardi, the illuminationist philosopher, doubted the adequacy of their reasoning and subsequently the issue of the primacy of essence versus the transience of existence was initiated in Islamic philosophy. For this perspective some have considered Sohravardi as an adherent to the primacy of essence though some have not considered his critique of the peripatetic philosophers as his final view in this respect. The present article through an analysis of Sohravardiʹs views on existence by references to his works on evils, cause and effect, abstracts, soul, God, etc. concludes that the critique of the illuminationist philosopher on peripatetic philosophy cannot be considered as his adherence to primacy of essence.