كليدواژه :
راهنما , موجهات , احتمال , افعال كمكي وجهي , الزام , modality , obligotion , Possibility , modol ouxiliary verbs , افعال كمكي
چكيده لاتين :
The meaning of modality has always been concerned with forces that either determine or
condition the human action. The forces that are important For the use of modality are
primarily of twa kinds. Firstly, the free will of human being, secondly, the power of
circumstances. According to Lyons the two main concepts of modality are "necessity II and
"possibility". These concepts are dependent on the two forces mentioned above. Necessity
and possibility may therefore be divided inta other concepts such as intention,
determination, persistence, compulsion, duty, hope, prediction, assumption. To express all
these ideas, language mainly used modal auxiliaries. According to Palmer there are two
basic assumptions concerning modality. The first is thot modality may be regarded as a
grammatical category just as we view aspect, tense, number, gender, etc. The second is that
this category can be identified, described, and compared across different languages. This
paper, therefore, concentrates on some mcjor English- German modal auxiliaries tf,rough
which modality may be expressed and compared. The concept of "wish" is excluded here
ond it will be dealt with in a seporote paper
