تشخيص ژنتيكي پيش كاشتي اهميت، كاربردها و چشم انداز

Preimplantation Genetic diagnosis (PGD), Importance, Applications and its Prospectives

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an evolving technique thai provides a practical alternative to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for couples who are at substantial risk of transmitting a serious genetic disorder to their offspring. Since file first application of PGD in 1989, it Iras been expanded in scope and applications. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been introduced lor the analysis of chromosomes and PCR for the analysis genes for in cases of monogenic disorders. PGD involves assist­ed reproductive technologies even though most couples undertaking it are fertile. Earty PGD protocols used blastomer biopsied from deavage stage embryos but testing of first and second polar bodies is now a routine alternative, and blastocyst biopsy can also be used. More recently, FISH technology has been harnessed to provide PGD-AS, or aneu- ploidy screening, with the aim of replacing euploid embryos and increasing pregnancy rates in groups of women who have poor IVF success rates. More recent application of PGD in areas such as HLA typing and social sex selection have stoked public controversy and concern, while providing interesting etiitcal debates and keeping PGD firmly in the public eyes. Here, we provide and overview of indications for, techniques used in, some advantage and disadvantages of PGD.