كليدواژه :
احزاب , مشروطه , مدرن , موانع فرهنگي , ايران , ناپايداري احزاب سياسي , تحزب
چكيده لاتين :
Majlis Shuraye Meli (The National Consultative Assembly) opened for
the first time after the victory of Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1906;
and Iranian political parties officially started their activities since the Second
Malis. However, since that time Iranian parties existed, they performed and
functioned ostensibly and superficially. It was due to fact that the structural
foundation of Iranian society remained quite similar to pre-Constitutional
Movement era. Also, existing parties, instead of raising public participation
in politics which is one of its important duties-, were competing with each
other and this culminated in assassinations and excommunications. As a
result, these parties not only didn t display a peaceful picture of political
competition, but also they became an important factor in conflicts within the
society because the conception of party was reduced to those secret
pre-Constitutional associations. Instead of attracting ordinary people, parties
were engaged in attracting the rich and power-brokers. Wherever they were
able to do anything, as a result of conflicts between parties or influence of
tyrants or foreign countries, theycouldn t be successful.
On the whole, from Second to Fifth Majlis, a slight progress occurred
within this Assembly, but mostly they were suppressing their competitors and
waste their time for political quarrels, not political competitions. During that
period of time, opportunists used these parties as legal means. For example,
Rezakhan could demolish the Ghajar and call himself as the King of Persia,
using parties within the Fifth Majlis which were supporting him.
Consequently, at the first stage of their activities, parties were puppets in the
hands of power-brokers and that period came to an end through theparties
defeat and formation of dictatorship from the Constitutional Movement.
Because, although political parties were heralds of the modern era,
pre-Constitutional relations were still ruling over and parties were born
before the formation of any political, social, economical or cultural
construction, and as those parties were in conflict with existing constructions,
they couldn t do their duties properly and they acted only as a deficient
version on parties in other countries.
