بررسي رفتار تونلها در برابر زلزله

Seismic Performance of Tunnels

This paper includes a brief review of damages to the bored and cut-and-cover tunnels due to the recent earthquakes. Several authors studied more than 60 different tunnels. Based on the available literature, an attempt is made to classify the important parameters that contribute to seismic vulnerability of the tunnels. These parameters include: overburden depth, type of surrounding rock, magnitude of the earthquakes, epicenteral distance, surface PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) and internal form of support. Seismic analysis procedures are reviewed and a methodology named "Simplified Frame" is recommended to be used as an analytical tool for analyzing the rectangular tunnels against earthquakes.