مناسب سازي مسكن و شهر براي افراد داراي ناتواني هاي جسمي - حركتي

ENABLING OF HOUSING AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTS FOR PEOPLE WITH MOBILITY LIMITATIONS

The purpose of this paper is to identify the principles of Inclusive Design in the housing spaces and its adjacent environments. Necessity of this matter arises from that mobility disabilities that makes limitation for enormity of population. Limitations which outcome from disabilities of handicapped can not be considered as barrier against their access to desired spaces. They must be able to live with the greatest possible independence regardless of limitations and far away from stresses of constraints that usual people of society are free from them. The most usual aspect of handicapped is physical-movement disabilities. Inclusive Design for people with mobility limitations is appearance of providing equity access that will have extraordinary mental effects, in addition physical and sanitary security. At the first stage of the research process, we reviewed the literatures of the topic in libraries and Internet resources. Then we defined and stated the general principles of Inclusive Design with metaanalysis method. The present research progressed with this hypothesis that if access of spaces will be provided in different levels, all citizens participation and sentiment serenity will be increased. To experiment this hypothesis and survey existent condition of housing spaces and its adjacent environments, we used the field study method. In this study, problems, limitations and individuals desires were identified by local comprehension and present status observation, and along this case some questionnaires were distributed among residents in 8th region (zone) of Tehran. In this research, it is attempted that the wide spectrum of individuals are considered. The spectrum which covers individual with limited physical capability or disabled, sentimental handicapped (blinds, weak-sighted, deaf, and semi-deaf) as well as usual people and individuals who are other disabilities. The findings of the study showed that 28% of respondents had a physical-movement disability, 9% were visually impaired, 5% were hearing impaired, and 9% had other disabilities. After the field study, we analysed the physical characteristics of the spaces according to the needs of special people. The analysis of the findings explored the main problems of the housing spaces such as lack of safety and security, social and physical activity. Finally we proposed some key solutions for Inclusive Design such as participation, responsiveness, unlimited and independent access for all and flexible design of housing spaces.