كليدواژه :
فلسفه سياسي , مشروعيت , قدرت , عقل بشري , عقل الهي , اراده تشريعي الهي
چكيده لاتين :
A sovereignʹs will cannot be binding without being legitimate, a condition which constitutes the basis of a sovereignʹs power and its nature. This differs from the legitimacy of manʹs voluntary behavior or the legitimacy of manʹs will (stemming from human behavior). The reason is that the legitimacy of human behavior depends on the legitimacy of manʹs will and on the extent to which the will corresponds with such standards like "right" and "justice" whereas in the question of a sovereignʹs willʹs being binding, the legitimacy of the will from which sovereignty stems is not sufficient for ensuring legitimacy.
Different schools of political philosophy have proposed different bases for this important question, and Islam has introduced its basis, as well, which needs to be analysed rationally and philosophically. For this purpose, a rulerʹs sovereignty should be legitimate from two aspects; namely, existence of the will and obliging others. As for manʹs intellect, it cannot be regarded as an origin of legitimacy because intellect in turn needs another criterion and authority in order to discern whether manʹs voluntary behaviour is right or wrong, just or unjust, good or not.
According to the celestial thought, divine intellect and wisdom - due to the full awareness and intrinsic infallibility it enjoys - can be the only true, and perfect criterion for explaining scientific propositons. The divine will, too, originates in the very divine wisdom, and being characterized by basic standards like good and justice, this will, which represents the Divine intellect, is always consistent with good, justice and truth. Consequently, the only origin of the legitimacy of manʹs will and decision is divine revelation.
