نظريه ابداعي فارابي در تربيت سياسي و اهميت آن در عصر حاضر

Farabiʹs creative theory of political education and its importance for the present age

Political education is one of the important dimensions of manʹs education, which throughout history has attracted the attention of educational, governmental and political authorities. In order to prevent the waste and misuse of human and all other resources, education as a goal-oriented process needs a theory which can successfully help it articulate its ideals, principles, methods and lead it in a practical way. The present research has been conducted because of the absence of such a theory in education, particulary in the area of political education. Our modern educational system from its conception has been influenced by the thoughts and opinions of others, because of the lack of such a theory. In order to take a step in the direction of compensating for the lack of such a theory of education appropriate for the Persian-Islamic culture the educational system of our country, we undertook the study of the philosophical-political ideas of the eminent philosopher Abu-Nase Farabi, the founder of Islamic and political philosophy; and designer of the "Utopian theory" and by eliciting his approach from objectives, principles and methods to the issue of political education drived from three of his most important political works, Al-madinah politic, ideas of Utopians, acquisition of felicity, and other works written by scholars on his thoughts, we proceed to fulfill this task. What is put forward in this paper is that Farabi as an idealistic moslem philosopher has a religious approach to political education, from his perspective realization of perfection is equivalent to becoming godly, and everlastingness of human soul is the ultimate goal of political education, and actualization of the governance of God and formation of the Utopia of virtues and education of virtuous polititions as intermediate objectives towards political education is of utmost relevance. Also educational principles and methods arrived at from his thoughts include: "The principle of unity" and protection of the populace and the Utopia of virtues" and "the educational methods of holy striving(Jihad), political empathy, encouragement for execution of political responsibilities. Confronting the results of dissertation of his political responsibilities are," Principle of freedom of choice" and "educational methods, deepening of political awareness, and cultivation of political will", "principle of social justice" and: "educational methods of equac entitlement of resources," "obedience of laws without discrimination", preparetional of context for political development based on merits" principle of coordination of politics morality" and educational methods of "abstinence from publics political thought" and "abstinence from despotism and monopolism"."