بررسي تطبيقي سيماي زن درآثارخاقاني و نظامي

A Comparative Study of the Image of Women In Nizami & Khaqanisʹ Poetry

This article is an attempt to study the image of women in the works of two Persian poets of sixth century, Khaqani (595 D.H.) & Nizami (599 D.H.) from a feministic critical approach. In this approach the critic tries to study the works that have been affected by patriarchy (almost dominant in all societies), whose writers (mostly men) consciously or unconsciously insist on and present the patriarchy system. The purpose of this article is to show that it is not only the effect of society that leads to patriarchic point of view in writers but also their personalities and the effect of their family and traditional believes are so important. In this research Nizamiʹs Mathnavi like Khosro and Shirin, Leili and Majnoun, and Haft Peikar and also Khaqaniʹs odes & lyric poems will be reviewed. These two poets lived in the same era and were close friends. Nizami was an intellectual who had a high respect for and belief in women. In his stories he creates some female characters that no one else in Persian literature could bring into being, not before and not after him. He never debases women and there is no sign of patriarchy in his works. In his stories men and women are equal to each other and even sometimes women have a higher position. In Khaqaniʹs poetry women have no position, as he strongly followed the traditional believes, and believed that intellect and religion of women are imperfect. According to the old imagery in Persian poetry he likened the world to a tricky woman and like the poets before him, he believed that intellect is male and soul is female, so he likened the appetitive soul to a woman. Generally the word "Zan" (woman) in Khaqaniʹs way of thinking has a negative connotation and whenever he uses this word he wants to reproach. While the word "Banoo" (lady) is positive for him, when he wants to praise the women in court, he uses this word. Also mother is highly respected by him and in some lines of his poetry he praises his own mother.