بررسي روند اشتغال زنان در مقايسه با مردان، و عوامل مؤثر بر سهم اشتغال زنان در بخش صنعت ايران

Women Employment Trend Versus That of Men and Factors Affecting Womenʹs Employment Share in the Iranian Industrial Sector

This research studies womenʹs employment trend versus that of men. Factors affecting the overall employment are also estimated using panel data corresponding to relevant industries. The estimation is based on two-digit ISIC code during 1999-2005 period. The results indicate that ʹfood and beverages manufacturingʹ and ʹtextiles manufacturing,ʹ among industries, have employed the highest number of women. Yet the highest growth rate of female employee has relatively occurred in ʹpublishing, printing and reproduction of recorded mediaʹ. In the industrial sector, skilled workers have the highest employment ratio and the lowest ratio belongs to engineers and technicians. Most of the Iranian industries show a greater share of woman employment in non-productive sector, as far as the total women employment is concerned. The lowest woman employeesʹ share is attributed to technician and engineering (often less than 10%). In order to evaluate effects of factors on women employment, we have considered as panel data the following: share of firms that are controlled by private management (Types of firm management: state or private), average women compensated wage, and production technology (labour intensive or capital intensive). Industries in which the majority of firms are privately managed, the women share of employment is higher. The increase in average women compensated wage in majority of the industries has caused an increase in woman employment ratio: this effect in 15 (mostly in delicate work and medium and relatively low skilled) industries and has been positive but only significant in four of them. The share of women employment among industries within which most firms use labour intensive technology has been relatively high.