تحليل اگزيستنسيال هيدگر در آينه فلسفه عملي ارسطو «خوانشي» نو از اخلاق نيكوماخوس ارسطو

Analyzing Heideggerʹs Existentialism from the Perspective of Aristotleʹs Practical Philosophy A New Approach towards Aristotleʹs Nicomachean Ethics

The present paper is an attempt to illustrate the point that the basic issues in Aristotleʹs practical philosophy in analyzing Heideggerʹs existentialism are conceived of as the matter of ontology. Comportment of men in reference to beings (Verhaltenweisen) mentioned in Book Six of Aristotleʹs Nicomachean Ethics turns into comportment of constitution (Seinweise) in the new approach to Heideggerʹs Being and Time (Sein und Zeit). What is of great significance for Heidegger is reviving the hidden ontological power present in the three fundamental modes of activity in Aristotleʹs theory in which praxis is preferred to two other modes of activity drawn from being, i.e. theorie and pofesis. Heidegger diagnosed some proper definitions and descriptions regarding human life in Aristotleʹs transcendental idealism which are not known in modern philosophy as in Husserlʹs philosophy. If we reconsider existentialism under the shadow of Aristotleʹs phenomenology and specially Nicomachean Ethics, we may find ways to better interpret Heideggerʹs philosophy.