بررسي تاثير ويژگيهاي اكولوژيك (خاك و ارتفاع) بر كميت و كيفيت اسانس گل و برگ (Achillea millefolium L subsp Millefolium)

The effect of ecological characteristics on quality and quantity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium

Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium is one of the valuable medicinal plants, belongs to Asteraceae family. This plant mainly grows in plaines, roadsides and mountainous regions. It is wound healer and because of having tannins, bitter and aromatic materials affects on the nervous system and heart. Recent researches show that it has anti-cancer property. For sampling, this plant was selected from 2 height location with definite distance (100 meter) in Siahbisheh at full flowering stage in July 2007. The samples of inflorescences and leaves of plants and sample of soil of the root place were collected from 3 random points of each hieght at lenght of one transect (100 meter). Then air dried parts of the plants (80 gr) subjected to hydrodistillation for 2h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and essential oils analyzed by GC and GC/MC. There is no significant difference between the flower oil yields of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium in 2 height, while there is significant difference between the oil yields of leaves (p<0.01) and the highest percentage of leaf oil (0.1%) belong to 2100m. Study of relation among soil characters and height to these quantity show that there is relationship between nitrogen of the soil and this quantity that has negative correlation. Major components of flower oils were 1,8-cineole (14.4% and 8.2%), cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol (4.6% and 15%), E-caryophyllene (5.5% and 4.8%), y-muurolene (4/4% and 5.2%), camphor (2.6% and 4.1%), eudesma-4(15), 7-dien-l-P-ol (3.7% and 6.4%) in 2100 m and 2200 m, respectively. The main components of leaf oils were 1,8-cineole (5.6% and 4.7%), globulol (7.6% and 8.7%), E-caryophyllene (5% and 3.2%), cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol (25.5% and 0.4%) E-sesqui lavandulol (2.3% and 12.8%) and E- sesquilavandulyl acetate (2.4% and 8.1%) at 2100 m and 2200 m, respectively.