مأمون و محنه

Maʹmun and Mihna

Theological disputes in the 7nd and 8rd centuries increased tension within the Islamic society causing intellectual harmony. The question of creation (khalq) of the Quran became a controversial topic among Muslims. Eventually, the intensity of theological disputes reached such a degree that Maʹmun, the Abbasied caliph, interfered and declared a policy of mihna. This unique policy declared four months before Maʹmunʹs death was continued by his successors Muʹtasim and Wathiq (ahl-i hadith) for 16 years. The policy of mihna has fascinated historians leading to a number of hypothesis and views. This article examines three explanations on Maʹmunʹs motivation in introducing this policy: 1. Being affected the caliphate by Muʹtazili; 2. Being affected the caliphate by Shiʹa. 3. Showing caliphateʹs power against hadith group.