چكيده لاتين :
This article aims at investigating the relationship between the cultural capital of employed women and the type of their relationship with their husbands in the family. Cultural capital is a sociological concept first time proposed by Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron (Harker, Richards, et al. 1990) discussing cultural and social reproduction. In order to elaborate how couples interact with each other in terms of being democratic, Resource Theory (Blood & Wolf, Giddens, Willmott and Young, 1960) and Exchange Theory (Peter Blau) are applied. Cultural capital includes different elements such as kinds of knowledge, education, careers, job prestige, skills and lifestyle. All of these put individuals in a higher position in the society and raise their expectations. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory, cultural capital consists of embodied, objectified and institutionalized sections and includes knowledge, skills and arts that individuals acquire through education and their cultural background. Possession of cultural heritage, ease of access to this heritage and educational credentials are also considered as cultural capital. The research method consists of survey and data is collected through random sampling with 324 married women in Tehran ( both employed and unemployed) and via questionnaire. The data is processed in two ways: bi-variate and multi-variate analyses. The findings show that the higher the womanʹs cultural capitals, the more democratic relationship she has with her husband. In studying the effect of variable cultural capital on the type of couples’ relationship, it is revealed that there is a meaningful relationship with a P=99% between cultural capital and couplesʹ democratic relationship (Pearson’s r= 0.35). The positive relationship shows that with the increase in women’s cultural capital their relationship with their husband becomes more democratic. Also the results illustrate that the amount of cultural capital is more among employed women and their mean of democratic relationship with husband exceeds that of housewives. Cultural capital is the key variable in the multivariate regression model whereas husband’s job prestige is a key variable in demographic variables. Results reveal that women’s cultural capital (with a beta of .28) affects couplesʹ democratic relationship. This variable has a positive and direct effect, which indicates that for every unit of increase in women’s cultural capital the couples’ democratic relationship has a variation of .28 in unit. Furthermore, husband’s job prestige (with a beta of .19) affects couplesʹ democratic relationship. This variable also has a positive and direct effect that indicates for every unit of increase in husband’s job prestige the couples’ democratic relationship has a variation of .19 in unit. The assumption is that employed women who possess a greater amount of cultural capital have more power in their relationship with husbands. Hence, the relationship is more democratic in such a family since in their exchange, they hold the reward resources (cultural capital). In other words, they possess money and social prestige and the results confirm this argument.
