كليدواژه :
فيزيولوژي , سطح هدايت الكتريكي پوست , انگيختگي , ضربان قلب , گوش به زنگي , پرتاب آزاد بسكتبال
چكيده لاتين :
A few second prior to an expected event, e.g., an action in sport, heart rate (HR) decreases, reflecting subjectʹs attention to the external stimulus (vigilance). It seems, however, that simultaneous arousal variations restrain the relationship between HR reduction and attention. The present study aimed to investigate vigilance and arousal effects during a skilled performance separately, using separate measures for the two psychological states. HR and skin conductance level (SCL) were measured as an index of vigilance and arousal from 18 elite and 19 novice basketball players during 30 self-paced, self-initiated basketball free throws. Values of HR and SCL were calculated at half-second intervals from 10 s before to 10 s after each shot and were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. This helped to compare pre-shot and post-shot patterns of physiological changes separately in elites and novices. In elites, there was a slow reduction in SCL, 10 seconds prior to, and a rebound increase immediately following the shot, which peaked 3 seconds after it. These were smaller for novices. Similar findings were observed when good shots were compared to bad ones. The SCL after good shots reached 8 times the pre-shot value. A sharp increase in HR, up to 40 bpm was found 4 second before the shot, which only for elites returned to pre-shot value after 2 s. HR in bad shots was higher than good shots. In general, SCL and HR patterns of variations reflected skill level and physical requirements of the task, respectively. Results were compared to previous findings and discussed in relation to the hypotheses explaining arousal and vigilance in human behavioral performance.
