كليدواژه :
عصر صفوي , مكتب تبريز , مكتب اصفهان , كمال الدين بهزاد , رضا عباسي , سلطان محمد
چكيده لاتين :
During the Iranian history, important political events have remarkably influenced the Iranian painting so that the replacement of governmental capitals was usually accompanied by relocation of artists and integration of artistic traditions. Therefore, upon the formation of Safavid government and conquest of Tabriz and Harat by Shah Ishmael the 1st, there came the transfer of Harat school artists followed by formation of the second Tabriz school. There were two main factors involved in the formation of this school as follows:
1- The fanciful and pulchritudinous style of Turkmen with characteristics such as imaginative perspective, conceptual atmosphere creation, etc... specifically represented by Sultan Mohammad Tabrizi.
2- The Naturalistic and academic style of Harat, with characteristics such as atmosphere creation, paying attention human being, etc... specifically represented by Kamal Al-din Behzad Harati.
The combination of these two streams resulted in the formation of a strong and rich school of Tabriz, which is quite obvious in valuable masterpieces such as Shah Tahmasbiʹs Shahnameh, Nezamiʹs Khamseh and Jamiʹs Haft Orang.
However, it was not long after the completion of these books that Shah Tahmasb with drew supporting these art works and resorted to virtue and righteousness. Therefore, there were significant changes in the art of painting which led to the migration of many artists to other countries such as India and Ottoman. Many others had to move to other cities in search of jobs while some of them preferred to keep working independently. Consequently, the social structure of painting was totally changed and by the enthronement of Shah Abbas Safavid the 1st, Iranian arts were flourished and renewed once again. This prepared the ground for the formation of Isfahan school as the last ray of hope for the Iranian dignified painting. In this article, the features of Behzad, Sultan Mohammad and Reza Abbasi are explained as the distinguished artists of Tabriz and Isfahan schools.
