بررسي تغييرات برخي از خصوصيات فيزيكي خاك سطحي و جوانه زني ذرت در سه روش آبياري غرقابي، باراني و زيرزميني

Changes of Soil Surface Physical Properties and Corn Emergence Influenced by Basin, Sprinkler and Subsurface Irrigation Systems

Cultivating in arid and semiarid regions more successfully depends upon solving irrigation application problems and preventing deterioration of soil properties. Arid regions are characterized by very low crop production, resulting from drought and deteriorating soil properties. An experiment was conducted on soil samples from A horizon of a silty clay loam from the farm of agricultural faculty of Tehran University, Karaj. Soil samples were passed through 8 mm sieve and were placed in plastic pots. The experiment was a randomized complete design with four replications and three irrigation treatments (basin, sprinkler and subsurface). Physical properties including bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured before every irrigation time. Also mean day of emergence (MDE), seedling diameters, dry and fresh yields of corn were determined. The highest and lowest bulk density were obtained in basin and subsurface irrigation systems respectively. Also maximum hydraulic conductivity was in subsurface irrigation. The results indicated that irrigation method has significant effects on MDE (p<0.05), seedling diameter and yield of corn (p<0.01). Minimum MDE (6.2 day) obtained in subsurface irrigation was followed by sprinkler and basin irrigation. Subsurface irrigation method also provided good soil surface condition without any crust and resulted in maximum seedling diameter and yield of corn.