راه هاي گسترش حوزه عمومي به منظور ارتقاء سطح نظارت هاي اجتماعي

The ways of expanding public sphere in order to promoting social surveillances

After the emerging of the modern state, governmental approaches was ruled to institutional and governmental surveillances. Thus legal ways became the main means for solve crime and social deviation. Therefore, as result of this matter, all of literature was focus to governmental surveillances. In third millennium and beginning of new age, that some called them globalization; literature of social surveillances had changed as other aspect of social sciences. These changes show necessity for redefining of that concepts. After these changes, if in last, experts spoke about good government, in new literature expert speaking about good governance (horizontal governance).For long time, expert spoke about governmental sphere but in new age, scientists speak about associational sphere. Although scientists spoke about ways to theorizing governmental surveillances, but in new literature discussions are about horizontal surveillances of peoples. In new age and in globalize sphere as the result of functional necessities, states know that it is better that rely on people. A government knows that people are able to exercise effective social surveillances. Author believes that social surveillances are necessary for society and show those public spheres (social capital and well-organized institutional network) are important in social surveillances. This article emphasize that these networks are necessary for social orders.