بررسي جامعه شناسانه خشونت و پرخاشگري تماشاگران در ورزشگاهها

Sociological Survey on Spectatorsʹ Aggression and Aggressiveness in Stadiums

The present survey aims at examining the reasons and factors contributing to aggression and aggressiveness among sports spectators in stadiums, and introducing some solutions to reduce the influences of this social dilemma. In the meantime, efforts made to analyze performance of the components, which form the behavior of spectators to clarify the point that which aspects of peoples individual and social life leads to aggression and aggressiveness. Examining and considering the violent events and accidents occurring during sports matches has become one of the important issues that social intellectuals have paid attention to during the last two decades. Aggression is defined as a behavior and performance, which is intentionally done to disturb and annoy someone both physically and mentally. Variables such as importance and sensitivity of the result of the match in terms of getting score; and determining the spectatorsʹ favorite teams ranking in championship races, violent and aggressive behavior of players during the match, and judgment quality basically lead to oral aggression of football fans. Variables such as age, family control and supervision level and socioeconomic base has negative impact on the behavior of sports teams and lead them to display violent and aggressive behavior. Variables such as having record of scuffle, tension and failure in educational activities, smoking, tension in the family, crime, friends who have record of criminal cases, relationship with relatives who have record of being prosecuted, going to stadiums in groups; and incompatibility between sports expectations and ways of materializing them have direct effect on having tendency toward displaying aggressive behavior by sports teams fans. There are some actions such as training rendered by families, educational system, media and press can mitigate aggression in sports complexes and stadiums. Offering welfare services in sta- diums and providing the required facilities in these places, identifying wrong-doers and those who have been prosecuted by police forces and have record of vandalism, preventing them from entering stadiums; promoting the referees technical, psychological and managerial knowledge can play an important role in mitigating aggressive behavior on the part of spectators. Keywords: crime, prevention, situational prevention, crime prevention through environmental design.