راهكارهاي تحقق امنيت اجتماعي

Approaches for Materialization of Societal Security

Security and its level are among the critical priorities for all political systems and citizens, regardless of their economic and social development level, and their ideology According to the author of the article, feeling secure is much more important than security. That is to say, with respect to all security determinant factors, still feeling secure enjoy a protective level. Therefore, at first the author introduces the theoretical framework for societal security, macro and micro threat indices of societal security. Then, after explaining various types of security, and its definitions, societal security is defined as the capability of various categorical, ethnic, national, etc. in maintaining its own entity. The author raises the topic from Anthony Gidens viewpoint. He believes that societal security means the capability for protecting something or somebody, or removing threat from an element which link individuals with each other. Therefore, in case the connecting link in a society is being minority or their nationality, their societal security is removing concerns related to their certain characteristic. With respect to the theoretical framework of the research, societal security threats can be examined in macro and micro levels. The threatening indices of social security can be considered in two levels - macro and micro. The 5 macro threatening issues are language and literature, clothing, being aware of the past history, habits, traditions, and current cultures and spreading beliefs. The 5 micro threatening issues are population growth, urban society growth, split among society members, class gap, suburbanization, hidden learning and as a result weakening social security. At the end, the author offers some recommendations concerning realization of security through external and internal control mechanism, each of which is divided to certain categories.For example, external control mechanism which includes two characteristics of punishment level for a wrong doer might be costly. Secondly, there might high possibility of discovering unlawful actions during its occurrence or after that is in the group of external mechanisms. In continuation, the software external mechanism including establishment of organization structures proportionate with decision-making and planning, ratification of legal procedures proportionate with the spirit of the society, magistrate, performance and software external mechanisms including establishment of informal organizations and their performance. The second mechanism is allocated for realization of societal security and internal control mechanism which is similar to having conscience, internalization of norms and reaching self-control. The author recommends experiencing things by people in different age groups, participation in happiness and sorrow of wrongdoers, establishing relationship with individuals inner side, dealing with training the training culture, changing magistrate, preserving individual interests which lies in preserving collective interest, mutual respect which provides prevents class gap, and finally establishment of balance between rights and tasks in the society. At the end the author considers reducing threats and enhancing opportunities in the society, as the most important issue for providing national security; and is considered to be the principle for providing national security.