مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري - بررسي اثر آللوپاتيك عصاره آبي بقاياي گياهي چند گونه مهمAmaranthus بر جوانه‌زني بذر سويا رقم DPX

چكيده لاتين :

به منظور بررسي اثر آللوپاتيكي بقاياي گياهي پنج گونه‌ از جنس Amaranthus بر جوانه‌زني بذر سويا، كه در استان گلستان از علف‌هاي هرز مهم اين زراعت‌ اقتصادي مي‌باشند، آزمايش به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح پايه كاملاً تصادفي انجام شد. داده‌هاي آزمايش با استفاده از نرم افزار Mstatc مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفت و مقايسه‎ي ميانگين هر صفت، به كمك آزمون چند دامنه‌اي دانكن در سطح احتمال 1% انجام شد. عصاره آبي همه گونه‌هاي بررسي شده جنس Amaranthus ، بر روي جوانه‌زني بذر سويا رقم DPX، اثر منفي داشتند. اثر آللوپاتيكي هريك از گونه‌هاي بررسي شده با هم اختلاف كمي داشتند. A. viridis با 62% ، بيش‎ترين و A. blitoides با 52% ، كم‎ترين اثر را داشته است. گونه‌هاي A. viridis ، A.albus و A. hybridus با هم ، و گونه‌هاي A. retroflexus و A. blitoides ، با هم اختلاف معني‌داري نداشتند. غلظت‌هاي مختلف عصاره آبي گونه‌هاي مختلف (اثر غلظت)، بر روي جوانه‌زني بذر سويا رقم DPX، كاملاً معني‌دار بود، و هر چقدر غلظت افزايش مي‌يافت اثر آللوپاتيكي نيز بيش‎تر مي‌شد. از بررسي اثر متقابل غلظت و نوع آللوپات، چنين نتيجه شد، كه بيش‎ترين اثر آللوپاتيكي را غلظت 100% A. viridis ، با88% كاهش، بيش‎ترين اثر را داشته است و از طرفي غلظت 25% A. blitoides ، با 28% كاهش در جوانه‌زني، كم‎ترين اثر را داشته است. Some plant species inhibit germination and growth of other plant species by secretion of specific chemical substances. In order to survey the allelopathic effect of five Amaranthus species (which are among the most prominent weed species in Golestan province) residues on Soybean seeds germination, a factorial complete random design experiment was conducted. The extract of Amaranthus species (allelopath) organs were chosen as main factor, water extract with different concentrations and seed germination as factorial and subsidiary factors. The results were analyzed using Mstatc software and the means for each characteristic were compared with Duncanʹs Multiple Range Test (P > 0.01). Water extract of all Amaranthus species surveyed in this experiment had negative effect on Soybean var. DPX seeds germination. In addition, there was a slight difference in the allelopathic effect of surveyed species (effect of the type of allelopath). A. viridis with 62% had the highest and A. blitoides with 52% the lowest effect. There was not a significant difference between A. viridis, A. albus and A. hybridus. Similar results were also obtained between A. retroflexus and A. blitoides. The effect of different water extract concentrations of these species on Soybean var. DPX seeds germination was significant; allelopathic effect increased with the increase of concentration. From the survey of concentration and allelopath type interaction it could be concluded that 100% concentration of A. viridis had the highest allelopathic effect (88% germination decrease) in contrast with A. blitoides 25% concentration which had the lowest effect (28% decrease). To sum up, total plant organ water extract of these Amaranthus species have allelopathic properties on Soybean seeds germination. That is why, it is recommended that during Soybean cultivation as a secondary crop in a field containing weed residues of these species, either weed residues be evacuated from the field or considering the mentioned results, a higher amount of seeds be used, in this way a considerable decline in crop growth could be prevented.