تجلي فضاي جمعي در سكونتگاههاي روستايي

The Embody of Communal Space in Rural Settlement

روستا، اين مامن نخستين تجارب يكپارچگي تاريخ حيات بشري، محيطي است كه زندگي در آن جريان دارد و جريان زندگي، در تعادل بين انسان و طبيعت در حال گذار است. سادگي روابط افراد جامعه روستايي از يك سو و تلاش همگاني آنان در عرصه توليد از سوي ديگر، موجب ايجاد تفاوت هايي ميان زندگي و به تبع آن كالبد روستاها با شهرها شده است. روستاهاي سرزمين ما نه براي تبديل شدن به شهر (بر اثر افزايش جمعيت)، كه به عنوان محلي براي توليد و مكاني براي پشتيباني از شهر و مكمل آن در عرصه ها و ابعاد مختلف ايجاد شده اند. خصوصيات كالبدي روستاها، تحت تاثير دو گروه كلي، عوامل مرتبط با محيط (طبيعت) و انسان شكل گرفته و تكامل يافته است. انسان ها بر اساس تجربه و خرد جمعي، روستاها را به گونه اي كه نيازهاي آنها را تامين سازد، شكل داده اند. فضاهاي جمعي، از سرپناه‌هاي ساده انساني در جوامع اوليه و يا آتش مقدسي كه برگرد آن جمع مي‌شدند، آغاز گرديد و با گسترش روابط اجتماعي، اين فعاليت‌ها در انواع فضاها نظير خانه،‌ معبد، بازار، كوچه، ميدان و... گسترش پيدا كرد. در واقع هر يك از اين فضاها ظرفي براي فعاليت هاي اجتماعي به شمار مي‌آيد. در نوشتار حاضر ابتدا به بررسي مفهوم فضاي جمعي و اهميت آن در روستا پرداخته و عوامل موثر در شكل گيري فضاهاي جمعي را مورد بررسي قرار مي دهيم، در نهايت به بررسي مفاهيم و مصاديق فضاهاي جمعي در روستا مي پردازيم.

Village is a beautiful vision of social life and the origin of the first experience of human life history.The simplicity of relations between villagers in one hand and their effort in the field of agricultural products, in other hand have resulted differences in terms of life style between them and the people in cities. Before creation of city, there was village. It means some people gathered together and lived close to each other as neighbourhood, in a distance that you can call each other naturaly, sharing happiness and sadness in their every dayʹs events; in wedding ceremony or celebration for a new baby and helped each other in the time of crisis. Village is kind of a result of mutual actions between human groups and space. There is a local relationship between villagers, which is the result of historical mutual actions that makes local and collective memory, then makes collective conscience and intelligence. In fact, the village is resultant of natural and man-made elements (things) that paves the way for inhabitant suitability with his society and makes people to accept their society. In village, there is economical, social and cultural relation between groups and geographical space. This relationship generates creative unity in the groups and separates this from other groups. Village gathering has spiritual power that dominates the members. When the layers are examined, the sign of regularity in peopleʹs life can be find, and can observe that rural communities, shrines and villages were constructed before cities, and cache, camps and caves created long before village and before all of them, there had been tendency to "collective life". In fact this can be assumed that the creation of public spaces have been started from simple settlements in the first society using holy fire to gather around it, and with development of social relation and activities the spaces such as market, holy places and etc.were created. This article at first will examine the meaning of "public (communal) spaces", and at the end the meaning and sample of "public (communal) spaces" in village or rural settlement will be presented