سياق و سيرتحوّل كاربرد آن در فقه شيعه

A Survey of the Transformation of the Application of Order Under the Shiʹite Jurisprudence

چكيده سياق به عنوان مفهوم عقلاني اساسي در فهم معاني و استنباط احكام از ديرباز مورد توجه انديشمندان حوزه‌ي تفسير و فقاهت اسلامي است. بررسي چگونگي كاربرد اين ابزار عقلاني و سير تحوّل آن از يك واژه در معناي لغوي تا يك قاعده‌ي عقلاني در فقه شيعه در خور تامل است فقهاي شيعه از شيخ صدوق تا قرن هشتم براي «سياق» معنايي فراتراز «سياق هدي» و معناي لغوي نمي شناختند ولي در قرون بعدي بعضي از فقهاي «سياق» را به عنوان ابزار مهم عقلاني در فرايند اجتهاد به‌كار گرفتند به ويژه در دوره‌ي معاصر «وحدت سياق» از جمله ويژگي‌هاي اساسي سياق مورد اهتمام فقيهان قرار گرفت. فقهاي شيعه برخلاف كاربرد سياق در فقه، آن را تعريف نكرده‌اند، بررسي عملكرد فقهاي به‌منظور فهم معنا ومقصود كاربردها اهميت دارد.

Order, as the basic rational concept to understand the meanings and to reason injunctions, has been the concern of the intellectuals of the exegesis scope and Islamic jurisprudency since the remote past, to consider the quality of the implementation of this intellectual instrument and its transformation trend as a term in verbal meaning to its rational rule in the Shiʹite juris merits deliberation. The Shiʹite Jurists .from the Sheikh Sadooq down to the 8th century, did not consider a meaning for Order(Siaq) more than the Order of Guidance as well as the verbal meaning, but in the following centuries, some of the jurists accepted Order as an important rational instrument in the process of Ijtehad, especially during the contemporary era, the unity of Order has been considered as a bas ic characteristic of Order by jurists. The Sprite jurists, unlike the application of Order in jurisprudence, have not defined it. so the present paper is concerned with the investigation of the functions of the jurists, which is important for the understanding of the meaning and the purpose of implementations.