نقد و بررسي ادله‌ي قايلين به نجاست ذاتي اهل كتاب

A Critical investigation on the proofs of the be livers in the inherent untouchablility of the followers of the book

امروزه مسلمانان ارتباط بيشتري با پيروان ديگر مذاهب دارند و اقليت‌هاي ديني در ايران با مسلمانان مراوده داشته و در كنار هم زندگي مي‌كنند. از طرف ديگر، دانشجويان و ماموران نظام اسلامي به كشورهاي مختلف دنيا سفر مي‌كنند. مساله‌ي نجاست پيروان اديان آسماني و ديگر مكاتب و لزوم دوري از آن‌ها مشكلي است كه افراد مقيد به رعايت دستورات ديني را پيوسته در تنگنا قرارداده است. اما اين مشكل در فقه شيعه قابل حل بوده، زيرا يكي از ويژگي‌هاي مهم مكتب تشيع؛ استفاده از عنصر اجتهاد در گستره نصوص ديني است. در مساله‌ي طهارت يا نجاست اهل كتاب كه بيشتر مورد بحث فقهاي پس از شيخ طوسي قرار گرفته است دو ديدگاه متفاوت وجود دارد. اين پژوهش به نقد و بررسي ادله‌ي قايلين به نجاست ذاتي اهل كتاب پرداخته و نظريه‌ي طهارت ذاتي اهل كتاب را برتري داده و اقوال فقهاي بزرگ در دوره‌هاي مختلف را به همراه ادله آن‌ها نقل و تجزيه و تحليل كرده است.

Today, Muslims have more relations with the followers of other religions, and the religious, in Iran, have more communications with muslims and also live together with them. On the other hand, the Islamic regime official and the students constantly take trips to various countries all over the world. The quest of untouchability of the heavenly religions followers and other schools and the necessity of keeping away from them is a problem that brings about a serious confinement for the committed individuals to obeying the religious injunctions. However, this problem is solvable through regarding the shi,i school and jurisprudence. For, one of the special aspects of the shi,i school is the application of the jjtehad element in the expansion of the religious texts. There are two different viewpoints on the matter of purification or impurification of the followers of the book which are controversial to the post- sheikh Toosi jurists. This paper is an attempt to investigate and oriticize the proofs of those who believe in the inherent untouchability of the book followers as well as the superiority of the theory of the inherent purification of the book followers. Then, the paper proceeds to recount and analyze the sayings of the great jurists in various periods as well as their reasons and proofs.