كليدواژه :
پيش از مدرن , مدرن , پست مدرن , هويت , هويت معماري
چكيده فارسي :
هويت از موضوعات بحث برانگيز معماري معاصر ايران است. ضرورت دستيابي به معماري باهويت ايراني، موضوعي است كه ضمن تاكيد شدن در برنامههاي سوم و چهارم توسعه كشور به خواست ملي نيز تبديل شده است. براي دستيابي به اين مهم، ابتدا بايد سير تحول معنايي واژگاني آن تدقيق شود.
لذا ضمن بررسي تغيير مفهوم هويت در دوران معاصر، به روش تفسيري ـ تاريخي با استفاده از تدابير تحليلي ـ مقايسهاي به تحليل جايگاه اين مفهوم در متون تخصصي معماري، طي دوره‌هاي پيشامدرن، مدرن و فرامدرن پرداخته شد. از اين رو ابتدا نظريات انديشمندان تاثيرگذار جهان معماري در رابطه با هويت بررسي ميشود. سپس نحوه تجلي اين انديشهها در ساحت معماري، طي سه دوره مورد تحليل قرار ميگيرد. در انتها بر مبناي چارچوب نظري، معناي هويت در ساحت معماري، طي دوره ها تدقيق ميشود.
چكيده لاتين :
Architectural identity is one of the broadest and the most controversial issues in contemporary architecture which raises many challenges in Iran as well as other countries through all parts of the world. The necessity of building an architecture regarding to its substantial identity is one of the most important challenges in contemporary Iranian architecture. Efforts in moving toward architecture with substantial identity are one of the main responses to human spiritual needs alongside all material ones.
The necessity of this issue is highlighted in rules, general acts and formal bills of Iranian authorities; especially in developmental plans. At the first and the second developmental plans, the necessity of an indigenous approach toward vernacular architecture has been emphasized, as well as the importance of Islamic-Iranian identity in contemporary constructions. Also in the third and the fourth development plans, the importance of Islamic-Iranian identity has become explicit as an article in the text of the plans. In the fifth development plan, the Islamic-Iranian identity has been stood as the first priority of the plan commitments.
Due to the fact that architecture is the incarnation of visions and ideologies, it has been tried to study in this paper the meaning of identity in pre-modern, modern and post-modern eras in order to find some useful guidelines for contemporary architecture of Iran.
For achieving this goal and studying on the evolutional meaning of identity in these three eras, lexical meaning of identity in dictionaries and encyclopedias have been studied in the first phase. Then the opinions of the world influential architectural reflections regarding to identity issue have been studied and presented. Finally the way that these ideas and visions incarnate in architecture in three periods has been analyzed. Finally on the basis of the theoretical framework, the meaning of identity in the field of architecture in the pre-modern, modern and post-modern eras was explained. Interpretive-historical research method has been adopted as the basis of inference mechanism, which supported by analytic- comparative tactics.
As the result of this study shows, the meaning of architectural identity is different in pre-modern and post-modern eras, though at first it seems that they might be considered the same as each other. In modern age, although industrial development formed a turning point in the process of history, modern architecture lay at distance from some essential values such as social, cultural and mental values because of their rational visions. Consequently modern architectural spaces were not desirable and eligible ones and validity of them had been reduced.
The results of this paper reveal that there is a meaningful collaboration between ideology of the architectural styles and characteristics of the building which has constructed in pre-modern, modern and post -modern eras. For achievement to architectural identity, architecture should become a collaborative work that crosses different boundaries which can be classified into environmental factors, function of architecture and meaning in architecture. The perspective should aim to achieve essence of identity and to find an interaction between innovation and authenticity which leads to consistency through diversity.
Keywords: the identity of architecture, pre-modern, modern, post-modern, identity.
