بهسازي بافت باارزش روستايي؛ فرايندي از ذهنيت تا عينيت

Rehabilitation of the Valuable Rural Texture; A Process from Subjectivity to Objectivity

بافت كالبدي روستاهاي ايران ضمن برخورداري از ارزش هاي معماري همانند سادگي و بي پيرايگي؛ داراي الگوهاي بصري و زيبايي شناختي، انطباق با محيط طبيعي، هماهنگي با عملكرد زيستي و معيشتي، استفاده از مصالح بوم آورد و دانش بومي است. در اين ميان بافت كالبدي برخي از روستاهاي كشور به دليل برخورداري از ويژگي هاي خاص معماري، تاريخي و فرهنگي به عنوان ميراثي ارزشمند و بجاي مانده از نياكان ما به شمار مي رود كه حفظ و نگهداري آن ها از اهميت فراواني برخوردار است. از اين رو، انجام اقدام مناسب براي بهسازي و حفظ ذخاير كالبدي و ثروت هاي فرهنگي موجود در اين روستاها ضرورت مي يابد. در اين رهگذر، بنياد مسكن انقلاب اسلامي به عنوان متولي توسعه كالبدي روستاهاي كشور با هدف حفاظت و احياي بافت كالبدي با ايده و راهكارهاي نوين و صيانت از اصالت فرهنگي، تاريخي و كالبدي- فضايي روستاها، شناسايي، مطالعه، طراحي و اجراي طرح بهسازي بافت باارزش در 20 روستاي منتخب را در برنامه سوم توسعه به انجام رسانيد و در ادامه روند مطالعه 35 روستا را نيز در برنامه چهارم توسعه در دستور كار قرار داد. مقاله حاضر در پي آن است كه با رويكردي جانبدارانه از طرح هاي بهسازي بافت هاي باارزش روستايي، و با روش تحليلي- اسنادي به شناسايي، تشريح اهداف، شاخص ها و اقدامات انجام يافته به عنوان راهبردي در جهت گيري هاي بنياد مسكن در بخش مسكن و عمران روستايي بپردازد.

Spatial texture of Iranian villages consists of aesthetic and visual patterns, coincidence with natural environment, co-ordination (harmony) with living and livelihood function, the utilization of local knowledge and equipment alongside having architectural values such as simplicity and honesty. Spatial texture of some villages of the country can be regarded as a precious heritage remained from our ancestors due to their specific architectural, cultural and historical characteristics. The maintenance of these heritages is of great importance. Therefore, there is a necessity for appropriate implementation for rehabilitation and maintenance of spatial reserves and cultural wealth of these villages. In this regard, according to the 3rd development plan with new approaches aiming to keep the cultural, historical spatio temporal of these villages, Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution as the responsible organization for spatial development of rural areas of the country has completed the texture rehabilitation of 20 selected villages This was followed by the study of 35 more villages in the 4th development plan. The main aim of reconstruction designs of valuable rural textures is the preparation for attaining the identity and the provision of the possibility of maintaining and keeping the textures, valuable rural architecture with recreating the physical textures and with the modern ideas and approaches for supplying demands, thoughts, and new ways of peoplesʹ living, finally with respect to the originalities of physical aspects and existing of social relations within the rural areas. It is noticeable that in the selection of rural areas, those factors are involved that essentially relate to their history and cultures. Villages have been included in this national project which can be located in the context of "a memoir from the past and a herrit for the future". The present article attempts to overview and orientation of Settlement Foundation in residential sector and rural development adapting an analytical- descriptive method, Documentary the goals, indexes and implemented affairs as the strategies in the line of Housing Foundation in the field of rural housing and development.