حركت و زمان در مجرّدات (بر اساس مباني حكمت متعاليه)

Movement and Time according to the Foundations of Hikmat Mutaʹaliyah

تقريبا همه حكما در اينكه حركت و زمان از ويژگي‏هاي موجودات مادّي بوده و عالم تجرّد و موجودات مجرّد كاملاً منزّه و برتر از آنها هستند، اتفاق‏نظر دارند. اما مي‏توان با كمك مباني حكمت متعاليه و دقت نظر در مفاهيم «مجرّد»، «مادّي»، «حركت»، و «زمان» ثابت كرد كه تنها مراتب عالي تجرّد فارغ از حركت و زمان‏اند و در مراتب نازل «تجرّد»، نه تنها دليل قاطعي بر استحاله «حركت» و «زمان» نيست، بلكه چه بسا با الهام از پاره‏اي از آموزه‏هاي نقلي، بتوان ادلّه‏اي هم بر امكان و وقوع «حركت» اقامه كرد.

Mulla Sadra as a comprehensive thinker, reviews various philosophical, theological, and mystical approaches to the problem of revelation and its essence, and tries to assimilate all the different elements in his predecessorsʹ interpretations into his own epistemological view in this regard. This is why one encounters three approaches in Sadr al-Mutaʹallihinʹs various works that he works toward their unification and solving their inconsistencies. The authors in this article try to show that Mullah Sadra connects different approaches with diverse foundations into the geometry of his Transcendental Philosophy in order to argue for the idea that the essence of revelation is an existential fact, rather than a quiddity. As a result, it has a gradational character which begins with the Imperative Qurʹan (Qurʹan Amri) and ends with the Created Furqan (Furqan Khalqi). Such an understanding of revelation brings with it a special understanding of the Qurʹan with an existential flavor. His attention to diverse levels and dimensions of revelation has prevented him from falling prey to reductionism by reducing revelation to one of its features, such as its verbal discourse or rational understanding.