فرآيند بومي‌سازي شاخص‌هاي توسعه پايدار

فرآيند بومي‌سازي شاخص‌هاي توسعه پايدار

مفهوم پايداري در صنعت گردشگري، طي چند دهه گذشته يكي از اصلي‌ترين و در عين حال مباحثه‌انگيزترين مفاهيم توسعه گردشگري و به عنوان چارچوبي براي فهم روندهاي توسعه اقتصادي_اجتماعي و مديريت منابع طبيعي و گردشگري در سراسر جهان مطرح شده است. اين در حالي است كه از يك‌سو پيچيده و غامض بودن اين مفهوم و از سوي ديگر نحوه عملياتي كردن و اندازه‌گيري پيشرفت به سوي پايداري در صنعت گردشگري، آن شاخص‌ها و معرف‌هاي دقيق و جامعي كه بتواند با در نظرگرفتن همه جوانب، پايداري گردشگري را اندازه‌گيري كند و توسعه پايدار گردشگري را ميسر سازد، ضروري به نظر مي رسد. از سوي ديگر در وضعيت كنوني گردشگري روستايي كشور و با توجه به جوان بودن بسياري از مقاصد گردشگري روستايي، ضرورتِ در اختيار داشتن مجموعه‌اي مناسب از شاخص‌هاي توسعه پايدار گردشگريِ روستاييِ بومي‌شده براي ارزيابي وضعيت و ترسيم مسير آينده، امري بسيار حياتي و راهبردي تلقي مي‌شود. چراكه به باور بسياري از دانشمندان "اطلاعات خوب پايداري"، زمينه‌ساز تصميم‌سازي و برنامه‌ريزي بهينه براي پيشرفت در مسير توسعه پايدار گردشگري روستايي در آينده خواهد بود. از اين رو در مقاله حاضر نيز پرسش اصلي تحقيق اين بوده است كه شاخص‌ها و معيارهاي مناسب براي اندازه‌گيري پيشرفت به سوي پايداري توسعه گردشگري روستايي كشور كدام‌اند؟ و چه فرآيندي شاخص‌ها و معيارهاي مناسب اندازه‌گيري پايداري توسعه گردشگري روستايي كشور را به دست مي‌دهد؟ بدين منظور مقاله حاضر با استفاده از روش توصيفي _ تحليلي و پيمايش و نظرخواهي از استادان، خبرگان و متخصصان امر به شيوه دلفي به ارايه شاخص‌ها و معيارهاي مناسب (بومي‌شده) براي اندازه‌گيري پيشرفت به سوي پايداري گردشگري در ايران پرداخته است. بر اساس يافته‌هاي تحقيق در مجموع تعداد 80 شاخص براي ارزيابي پايداري گردشگري روستايي به دست آمده كه از اين تعداد 22 شاخص براي ارزيابي پايداري اجتماعي، تعداد 24 شاخص براي ارزيابي پايداري اقتصادي و تعداد 34 شاخص براي ارزيابي پايداري محيطي گردشگري روستايي بوده كه مناسب با ساختار روستاهاي ايران و سازگار با محيط روستاهاست.

Extended Abstract Introduction The concept of sustainable tourism industry has been discussed over the past decades as one of the most important as well as contentious debates of tourism development and as a framework for understanding the socio-economic development procedures along with natural resource management and tourism all over the world. This concept has been identified as a delicate balance in a triangular relationship between the host community and the land on the one hand with the guest community on the other hand with the tourism industry at different local, national and world levels. Complexity and problematic nature of this concept and its ? implementation method along with methodology to measure the progress toward sustainability in tourism has turned it to a challenge for many scientists and researchers; so applying indicators and indices capable in estimating tourism sustainability and enabling sustained tourism development seems to be necessary. On the other hand, regarding the present situation in rural tourism in the country and recent establishment of many rural tourism destinations, having an appropriate set of localized indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism for assessing the situation and sketching the future course is vital and strategic. Many scientists believe that "good sustainability information" will pave the way for optimum decision making and planning progress towards the course of sustainable development of rural tourism in the future. Hence, in this the paper also the key research questions have been as follows: 1. What are the appropriate indicators and criteria for measuring progress towards sustainable development of rural tourism in the country? 2. Which process provides for the appropriate indicators and criteria to measure sustainable development of rural tourism in this country? Therefore, this paper has dealt with representing appropriate indicators and criteria (localized) to measure progress towards sustainability in tourism industry in Iran using analytical and descriptive survey and field interviews of teachers, experts and specialists by using Delphi method. Methodology The main purpose of the article has been to achieve a series of appropriate and indigenous sustainable development indicators in rural tourism of Iran. Hence, it attempts to realize this target by using analytical-descriptive methods with documentary style (reading many books and articles in libraries and searching in Internet) and survey (padding of experts and professionals). For analyzing the data, statistical methods such as variance and Mean and various and software such as Excel and SPSS have been used. Winter 2011 Rural Research Quarterly Findings Based on research findings, a total of 80 indicators have been obtained to assess sustainable rural tourism out of which 22 indicators have been used to assess social sustainability, 24 indicators to assess economic sustainability and 34 indicators to assess environmental sustainability. All of these are suitable for structure of Iranian villages and they are environment friendly as well. Conclusion Localization process of indicators according to international experiences and views of local experts in addition to extracting indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism in the country led to another result which is mentioned below: Possibility of operational criteria of empirical tests: Selected Indicators according to the conditions and requirements of state land, the realm of space tourism and information gathering systems etc. have been produced in the country, and the proper factors are considered to measure the stability and those are quality testing and operational capabilities in the country rural. Sustainable development tourism and Localization of indicators: Sustainable tourism development has created appropriate methods to explain the Localization of tourism sustainability indicators and measurement that show its use in extracting indicators rural tourism is now considered to have an inevitable necessity. Internal and external adjustment of indicators: Designing and organization of rural tourism sustainability indicators adopted a unified approach from the methodological view point and include all aspects of rural tourism destinations life and geographical context of their lives as well. Hence selected indicators from the following content and spatial foundations of thought, planning and administrative structure requirements in full and together they complement each other and the other with its external environment are compatible.