برنامه‌ريزي راهبردي طبيعت‌گردي در روستاهاي نواحي بياباني(مطالعه موردي: روستاي خرانق - شهرستان اردكان، استان يزد)

توسعه روستاهاي نواحي بياباني مستلزم تدوين و ارايه راهبردهاي مناسب و مختص اين نواحي است. اين روستاها از لحاظ اقتصادي با فقر منابع آب و خاك مواجه‌اند و از جمله فعاليت هاي اقتصادي‌اي كه دستيابي به توسعه اقتصادي را براي آنها ميسر مي‌كند، طبيعت‌گردي است. اين پژوهش با هدف تدوين استراتژي يا راهبرد مناسب براي توسعه طبيعت گردي روستاهاي نواحي بياباني انجام شده است. روش تحقيق، توصيفي و از نوع پيمايشي است. سه گروه (ساكنان روستا، گردشگران و مسيولان) در انجام اين پژوهش مشاركت داشتند و ديدگاه‌هاي آنها در مورد قابليت‌هاي طبيعت‏گردي در قالب سه عامل زيست‌محيطي، اقتصادي و اجتماعي و فرهنگي مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. جامعه آماري روستاييان را 435 نفر تشكيل مي‌دهد كه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران، تعداد نمونه آماري آن 120 نفر به دست آمد. تعداد نمونه جامعه گردشگران نيز به روش نمونه‌گيري در دسترس 100 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. اين پژوهش نقاط قوت و ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهديدهاي طبيعت‏گردي را به شيوه SWOT مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار مي‌دهد و به ارايه راهبرد براي توسعه اين فعاليت در روستاهاي نواحي بياباني مي‌پردازد. نتايج تحقيق بيانگر اين است كه با وجود جاذبه‌هاي طبيعي و بياباني در روستاي مورد مطالعه، گردشگري در اين روستا عمدتاً متكي بر جاذبه‌هاي تاريخي و فرهنگي بوده است. با وجود 41 نقطه قوت و فرصت شناسايي شده، در مقابل 35 نقطه ضعف و تهديد، مي‌توان گفت كه روستا داراي پتانسيل طبيعت‌گردي است. در تحليل ديدگاه‌هاي سه گروه، بين نقاط قوت و فرصت همگرايي وجود داشت، و بين نقاط ضعف و تهديدها نوعي واگرايي مشاهده شد. در نهايت با استفاده از ماتريس كمّي برنامه‌ريزي راهبردي (QSPM) و با در نظر گرفتن امتياز نهايي راهبردها، راهبرد نهايي، «هم‌راستا كردن برنامه‌هاي گردشگري تاريخي روستا با برنامه‌هاي طبيعت‌گردي» انتخاب گرديد.

Extended Abstract Introduction This research was conducted in village Kharanq. The village has located in arid areas of Iran. Iran itself is among arid the countries and semi arid more than 68 percent of the areas in this country have arid and semi-arid climate, and more than 7/43 million hectares of its ecosystems are desert areas. About 32 percent of the population live in the rural areas, on more than 90 percent of natural resources and cultivated lands .So their activities have more effect on natural resources , including arid areas. The major problems that facing the villagers are economic ones, such as shortage of available jobs, limit access to new resources of income and low incomes among farmers and other occupation of rural population. Also, these villages encountered with shortage in water resources and arable lands to develop agriculture and animal husbandry activities. Therefore, in order to eliminate these problems, the diversification and more access to new jobs and income generation through new economic activities in these villages are necessary. These new economic activities should also create new budget and income for protection and reclamation of natural resources for achieving to rural sustainable development in the arid regions. The ecotourism is an appropriate option that can create new economic resources to achieve the above mentioned goals. Methodology Because rural planning and development is more sensitive in desert areas, it requires to establish appropriate and specific strategies. This research has established to evaluate strategies for planning in the field of ecotourism in arid rural areas. The method of research that has conducted is descriptive and it was a survey in one of the villages in arid area. Participants in the research have been divided to three groups including rural residents, tourists and rural managers. The attitudes of research participants in these three groups have been investigated through three main factors. These factors include environmental, economic and socio-cultural ones. In these study 75 indicators has been studied. These indicators were identified through interview with villagers, local officials and the experts as well. In this study the Statistical Society - with 435 persons - was studied. On the base of Cochrane formula, the authors we chose the random sample of 120 persons. Due to lack of accurate statistics for the number of tourists, 100 participants have been selected through accessibility method. The other required data in this research, are gathered through interviews with 15 people that targeted because of their authority and decision making power, such as rural mayor (Dehyar), Village Islamic Council, manager of county and cultural heritage, and the members of Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Yazd province. Knowing that a diversity of standpoints often exist in cases of tourism effect, an effort was made to capture input about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ecotourism by applying SWOT analysis method and investigate its potentials, to find appropriate strategies for improving ecotourism activities in arid rural areas. Results The results indicate that despite the natural attractions of these areas, tourism development has been related on historical and cultural attractions. It seems that natural attractions of village were ignored in tourism planning. The research finding show that on the basis of strategic analysis, there are 41 items that indicates on strengths points and opportunities. In contrast, 35 items have identified as villages have proper potential for ecotourism development. Further analyses indicate that there are a kind of convergence between the strengths and opportunities and also divergence in the weaknesses and threats in three research participant groups. Findings Finally, the applied Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) to find the final score or grade of the each strategy. Eventually, the "combination of historical tourism programs, by accompany with ecotourism programs in villages" have been known as a proper strategy to develop tourism in the area. Finally research has proposed many solutions to develop the rural tourism: - Diversification in the case of economic activities on the village and extension of handicraft production depending on touristʹs demands and their interests. - Considering the appropriate rule for protecting the cultural heritage and natural resources by rural residents. - The study of environmental Feasibility in order to create and extend ecotourism in arid rural areas