توانمندسازي، صنعتي شدن و عوامل زمينه اي موثر بر آن(مطالعه موردي: مناطق روستايي شهرستان قروه)

توانمندسازي به عنوان يكي از اجزاي توسعه پايدار، هم مي تواند عامل اين نوع توسعه باشد، و هم معلول آن. در واقع توسعه پايدار بدون توانمندسازي مردم مفهوم ناقصي است. از مواردي كه بر توانمندسازي تاثير مي‌نهند، ويژگي‌هاي زمينه اي افراد و همچنين پيامد‌هاي طرح ها و پروژه هايي است كه با هدف توانمندي مردم به اجرا در مي‌آيند. مقاله حاضر در كنار ويژگي‌هاي زمينه اي افراد، به بررسي رابطه صنعت ذوب‌آهن با توانمندي ساكنان دهستان يالغوزآغاج شهرستان قروه در استان كردستان مي‌پردازد. توانمندي روستاييان از سه بُعد توانمندي اقتصادي، اجتماعي و رواني مد نظر بوده است. يافته‌هاي اين تحقيق كه به روش پيمايش به دست آمده حاكي از آن است كه به‌جز متغير بُعد خانوار كه با هيچ يك از ابعاد توانمندسازي مرتبط نيست، ساير متغيرهاي زمينه اي بررسي شده، تاثيراتي متفاوت بر ابعاد مختلف توانمندي نهاده‌اند. در مورد صنعتي شدن منطقه مورد مطالعه نيز بايد گفت كه اجراي اين طرح، تفاوتي را در هيچ يك از ابعاد توانمندسازي روستاييان به وجود نياورده است. بر اساس بررسي حاضر دليل اين امر كمترين ميزان استفاده از نيروي كار روستايي در صنعت مورد مطالعه و عدم تعامل كاركنان صنعت با روستاييان منطقه بوده است؛ و به عبارت ديگر فقدان ارتباط ارگانيك صنعت ذوب آهن منطقه با جامعه روستايي و برون زا و جدا افتاده بودن آن از جامعه روستايي سبب بي‌تاثيربودن آن بر توانمندسازي جامعه پيرامون صنعت گرديده است.

Extended Abstract Introduction Today empowerment has been turned into one of the main concepts of sustainable development. Three types of relationship between empowerment and sustainable development are as follows: 1- Empowerment is a component of sustainable development 2- Empowerment is the cause of sustainable development3- Empowerment is the result of sustainable development. Therefore it is not possible achieve a sustainable development lacking empowerment of villagers. Empower the villagers is affected by many factors, such as: background variables and Effects of plans and projects implemented in rural areas. This article studies the background variables of individuals as well as the effects of a steel factory on the empowerment of villagers. The study area is an industrialized rural district of Yalghuz Agaj in Qorveh county. Different definitions have been presented about the concept of empowerment. This is due to two factors: 1- Empowerment is a multidimensional concept; and. 2- Empowerment is used in various fields such as management, psychology, geography, agriculture, sociology, etc. Empowerment as the ward shows is a process to empower people through which they can overcomes feelings of their helplessness and inabilities. There are many advantages to empower such as having access to the basic needs, satisfaction, self - esteem, sense of belonging and commitment, reducing the costs when increasing the profits, increasing participation, etc. Empowerment has many dimensions that they can be classified in the six dimensions of economic, political, mental, social, legal and cultural. The economic empowerment, as well as the social and mental one is more important than the others. Various factors are involved in the process of empowering the villagers that background variables of individuals act as an important factor. Different studies show the influence of background variables on empowerment through different factors such as employment, income, education, gender and age. In addition to the mentioned variables, empowerment of individuals is influenced by development policies. The opinions are about the social and economic benefits of industry in rural areas can be stated as follows. From the viewpoint of economy, industrializing the rural areas includes many advantages such as, increasing farmersʹ incomes, employment opportunities and job security as well. Such a process could accelerate rural economic empowerment and thus cause non - agricultural job opportunities, reduce the income gap between rural and urban households and between the rural households the meselves. Development of rural industry from the viewpoint of social and mental factors lead to increased subjective and objective welfare, increasing of trust and development of social relationships that causes positive results like increased social and mental empowerment of villagers. Methodology In this study, survey method has been used to the issue. The study population of case – study two rural districts Yalghuz Agaj and Qaslan in Qorveh county, Kurdistan province. These two rural districts are similar in many aspects and characteristics such as geographical location, the number of villages under the authority, population, language, religion, possibilities and services etc. The main difference is a steel factory which is located in Yalghuz Agaj that turned the district to an industrial one, with Qaslan lacks it. Using the Cochran formula 136 households were selected were selected from Yalghuz Agaj rural district and 121 households from the other, Qaslan. In each household an individual was selected in the range of 25 to 65 years old, as a sample. Results Among the studied background variables in rural empowerment the relationships between the factors of age, education, income and job have been confirmed; but relationships with other background variables (sex, family size and number of employed people in household) have not been confirmed. Relationship between rural economic empowerment have been approved with five background variables including age, education, income, occupational status and the number of employed individuals in household. Relationship between social empowerment have loin confirmed with four background variables (age, education, and income and job status) and mental empowerment is related with three background variables (age, education and job status). The important finding is that the regional industrialization has not influenced any aspect of rural empowerment. Conclusion The steel factory in Yalghuz Agaj lacks the local labor and there fore the interactions between the workers and villagers are at the lowest possible level. In fact, the industry is as an isolated part of rural community, so the factory has no impacts on it. The results show that the established industry in the region does not act an effective role on rural empowerment. In other words, the primary purposes of manufacturing industry have not been achieved in the rural district. Rural industrialization requires a careful study of characteristics of industry and village. Rural industrialization requires compatible industries with the needs and necessities of rural community, so the villagers could work there.