سطح‌بندي روستاها بر اساس ريسك‌هاي مخازن و شبكه توزيع آب آشاميدني (مطالعه موردي بخش مركزي شهرستان مينودشت)

آب، از اصلي‌ترين نيازهاي بشر و مايه حيات و علت شكل‌گيري بسياري از سكونتگاه‌هاي روستايي در سطح زمين است. كمبود آب آشاميدني سالم به‌ويژه در كشورهاي جهان سوم ـ از جمله كشور ما ـ به عنوان معضلي اساسي شناخته مي‌شود. عدم كنترل كيفيت و ميزان برداشت و مصرف بي‌رويه آب مي‌تواند معضل كمبود آب را تشديد كند و تهديدهاي جدي به بار آورد. از اين رو لازم است ضمن اعمال سياست‌هاي اصولي، به جنبه‌هاي مديريتي مختلف اين منبع حياتي توجه شود. پژوهش حاضر با شناسايي و سطح‌بندي ريسك‌هايي كه مخازن و شبكه‌ توزيع آب آشاميدني را در مراكز روستايي بخش مركزي مينودشت تهديد مي‌كنند، اقدام به اولويت‌بندي و سطح‌بندي اين مراكز بر اساس ميزان ريسك موجود در نگهداري و عرضه مخازن و شبكه‌ توزيع آب آشاميدني آن كرده است. از آنجا كه يكي از وظايف دهياران تامين آب آشاميدني سالم و نظارت بر سلامت آب آشاميدني روستاييان است، روش تحقيق در پژوهش حاضر توصيفي ـ تحليلي به شيوه پيمايشي انجام شده است. نمونه آماري مورد مطالعه، روستا‌هايي است كه داراي دهياري هستند. نهايتاً اين روستاها با استفاده از مدل تحليل سلسله‌مراتبي AHP و رتبه‌بندي بر اساس تشابه به حل ايده‌آل (Topsis) اولويت‌بندي شدند و به پنج سطح شامل: روستاهاي با ريسك بسيار بالا، روستا‌هاي با ريسك بالا، روستاهاي با ريسك متوسط، روستاهاي با ريسك كم، و روستاهاي با ريسك بسيار كم، تقسيم شدند.

Extended Abstract Introduction According to world population growth that is over 6 billion people, drinking water supply in cities and villages is one of the concerns of politicians and residents, so the 21st century is named century of water stress or hydrological stress. One of the goals of World Water organization will be supplying the drinking water for all until 2025. It is worth mentioning that highest population had no access to safe drinking water live in Asia and Africa and are living in villages. In Summary, the concept of risk is known by probability of loss or uncertainty and the concept of risk management implies risk assessment and strategies adopted for risk management. In ideal risk management, there is a prioritization process in order to consider the most loss risks with highest probability at the beginning and risks with lower probability and lower risks at the end. Also searching and site selection risks before their problem is one of the steps in this approach. The main purpose of this study is reviewing and studying of the situation of drinking water resources, identifying and classifying risks to these resources in phase of maintenance and supply drinking water and finally graded and prioritized rural centers based on the mentioned risks. The study areas in this research are villages located in central district of Minoodasht Township. Methodology Research study is descriptive-analytical in survey way. Statistical Societies of study are villages located in central district of Minoodasht and the study sample is those villages that have a governmental body named Dehyary. Required information through the library studies, direct observations and questionnaires completed by 63 Dehyars (head of Dehyary) were collected. Dehyars group was selected because in new system of rural management in our country, Dehyary is considered as an institution of rural management, the institution that participation in providing and keeping safe drinking water is considered as part of its tasks. According to the theoretical framework, the risks of maintenance and supply drinking water resources are categorized in five groups of human agents (management), natural factors, location of source and reservoir, source and reservoir characteristics and risks related to water quality. For risk assessment of each class as questions were designed in form of Lycret range that total points of them show the situation of each village in that group of risks. It should be noted that about risks related to water quality due to lack of accurate and complete information about chemical and bacteriology for all the villages inevitably this indicator was not considered and since this study accent on risks relating to maintenance and supply of drinking water resources only the physical quality of water from viewpoint of Dhyars considered. The weight of each group as the main indicators of risk in drinking water is considered by using AHP model and Expert Choice. Then, according to the weight obtained in this way and the risks of water resources, rural centers were graded and prioritized by using the TOPSIS model. Result From the 12 villages in the level "a" that their risks are very high, 10 villages are under the authority of Water and Sewage Company. Also from 10 villages in level "e" 9 villages under covered by Water and Sewage Company and also a village is enjoyed from urban water. So it could be said that covering all villages in the region by the Rural Water and Sewage Company should be considered as an effective step in reducing risks related to drinking water resources. Conclusion With attention to obtained results Asefrenjan village has the highest risk and Jangaldeh has the lowest. Also rural centers with attention to risk classification, categorized to very high risk rural centers, high-risk rural centers, rural centers with moderate risk, low-risk rural centers, very low-risk rural centers groups. According to this scheme, low and very low risk rural centers are under the cover Rural Water and Sewage Company. This shows the importance of controlling and monitoring these resources is vital. Certainly aware of the status quo of rural drinking water sources is an important aid to more accurate planning in villages by Dhyars. Finally, it is recommended to identify the status of villages in terms of risk types related to drinking water sources and evaluate them, should design warning systems to be informative, while it is essential that consistently and in all conditions, continuous monitoring and control the risks to be considered. Also one should prepare a plan for advance the health status of rural drinking water supplies with an emphasis on risk management approach and rely on peopleʹs participation and attendance as the operation and in many cases, the main perpetrators water pollutants.