روش و نظريه در فلسفه سياسي ارسطو، هابز و روسو

Method and Theory in the Political Philosophy: Aristotle, Hobbes and Rousseau

The main element in deep understanding of political philosophies is to know the theoretical and methodologic logic on which they are built on. To start one can study the beginning chapters of such logics. This is why studying Aristotle, Hobbes and Rousseau could be suitable start for knowing theoretical and methodological bases of political philosophy and at the same time how the problematic in political philosophy and problematic expermentation are linked. In this essay it is tried to challenge this subject in a more up to date manner. Re-studying and re-making the methodological and theoretical logic in Aristotelian political philosophy (Classics) with that of Hobbes and Rousseau (Modern) indicate a trilogy of linked methods and theories which could show illumiuations for the present political philosophies. 1) Aristotelian problematics of man-citizen is tied with normative realistic experiment and creative analytical method; 2) Hobbesian problematics of political man-machine is linked through human positivism experiment and synthesis analysis method; 3) Rousseauian problematics of natural/cultural/ideal man is tested through historical semi-hermeneutics and historical romantic intuition. All of these have offer a useful lesson for our understands of political philosophy: "Normative realism is the yardstick. Only with a correct comparison of theory-method and methodological qualitative and quantitative combination, the foundation of problematic project and problematic testing of political science could be placed in its suitable place".