استراتژيهاي مهندسي بهداشت و ايمني انسان، سازمان، ابزار (نقش ارگونوميك خرد و كلان)

HUMAN, ORGANIZATION AND TOOLS ENGINEERING STRATEGIES IN THE FIELD OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (ROLE OF MACRO AND MICRO ERGONOMICS)

At the threshold of the new millennium, as we stand at the gate of the new evolutions we must look on the lessons from history. Working life and the work place have changed tremendously, in the last century after the World War II. It will change at an even more dramatic as well as a greater quality and the employees of betterquality for working life. planningn forward toward promoting the healthy workers and health workplaces around the world is available. Better services are needed more than ever to ensure sustainable socio-economic and ethical demension development, provision of good health care and the elimination of hazardous, absolute poverty, and the greater emphasis on psychological factors. Adapt to changes in working life and working place, development in health care and bioscience have and will also contribute to changes in occupational health practice. Rising health care costs and the emphasis on outcome measures demand a critical evaluation of existing situation. The impact of globalization on health, safety and well-being is multi-sided. Benefits can be explected from more active exchanges of information, introduction of occupational health, safety standards, of ergonomic sciences of improvement and income. Psychological work load and stress have increased. Lower standards of health and safety protection of health improvement of the work environment set major changes to the micro and macro ergonomic sciences. The national and international levels seeks survival, increasing their strategy for obtaining organization and environment health and safety, to increase competence, skill of the personnel and technologist. ICT sets new demands on workers and work organization. There are main challenges to the human - ICT interface . It is necessary to place the ergonomics within the industrialized and non industrialized worlds. The general focus of this article is managing unleashed changes. Introduction of new technologies presures from high paced work, demands for productivity high quality, and flexibility. In this paper the author has mentioned sources of stress, stress reactions, sickness, accident, and outcome at the individual, and organization levels, and the multiple strategy for occupational health and safety. In writing this paper, the author has tried to gain some balance between introduction, exploration and critique. Finally he has tried to provide a framewok to analyse globalization process as the outcome of struggles between different frames of discipline. However, there is a greater complixity to this arguments. He has tried to illustrate some of the argument, which it interrelates with current areas of occupational health theories and analysis of relevant ergonomic science, in need of further development, and general system theory the skelton of ergonomics science.