«روشنگري» و پويش «روشنفكري» در عصر مدرن

Enlightenment and the Process of Intellectualism in Modern Time.

The article concerns with the concept of modern intellectualism as the most important product of modernity, had developed within the context of enlightenment movement. Modern intellectuals have always identified themselves in the position of public conscience, subject of truth and defendant of universal values, such as liberty and justice. This has been due to the modern intellectualʹs belief in enlightening and guiding character of critical reason as the heritage of modernityʹs spirit, and its ability to organize social action and communications of human being. The author of article also examines the Liberal / Marxist / Post-Modernist intellectual paradigm shift in relation to structural changes of modern world and society from pre-industrial and industrial to post-industrial. There is also a comparison between modern and post-modern intellectual paradigms on the basis of rational possibility of discovery and acceptance of truth and costitution of universal values and principles in one hand, and the negation of this possibility in frame work of the critique of "meta-narratives" on the otherhand. Finally, the article concludes with the possibility of approaching modern and post-modern intellectual paradigms on the basis of interaction between Foucaultʹs partial intellectual concept and Habermasʹs universal intellectual concept.