فاشيسم: بازگشت گله آغازين

Fascism: Return of Primal Horde.

The author explaines the historical and philosophical background of fascism. From his view point, fascism was one of the consequences of first world war which brought about major coalitions in favor of three grand ideologies: Liberalism, Marxism and Fascism. Fascism as a broad political concept, includes all radical right wing political tendencies which spread all over Europe, especially in Italy and Germany (Nazism) from 1920s down to the end of Second World War. In its specified meaning, Fascism refers to a brand of state syndicalism or corporate state which was established in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Fascist varieties were appeared and experienced in different national forms in different European countries. According to author, Fascism as the ideology of political radicalism, glorifies the state and its political might. He mentions that, one of the main causes of arising Fascist ideology and the prevalence of Fascist movements in Europe is the cultural and political despair of European societies middle classes (petite bourgeoisie) from the status quo. Finally, the author concludes that, Fascism, from the philosophical point of view, should be regarded as an irrational and anti reason thought which is based on following concepts: irrationalism, mysticism, populism, totalitarianism, terrorism, charismatic leadership, elitism, racism, political radicalism, new-barbarism, anti-rationalism, state syndicalism, state might.