تأثير مؤلفه هاي فلسفي عصر روشن يابي بر الگوهاي قدرت سياسي: مطالعه موردي آراي منتسكيو

The Impact of Philosophical Components of Englihtenment Age on the Pattern of Political Power: A Case Study on Montesquieuʹs Ideas

This- article studies the influences of Philosophical Enlightenment movement in eighteen century and its impact on the formation of the structure of modern states. Following of a theoretical analysis, the political ideas of Montesquieu, French philosopher and one of the distinct features of modern political thought, is examined as a case study, taking into consideration the impacts of the mentioned movement. The different aspects of Enlightenment Movement, such as, rationalism, natural law and the critique of political despotism led to the establishment of new political regimes on the basis of freedom, tolerance and individual rights. Montesquieuʹs book, The Spirit of Laws, replaced new experimental and Sociological approaches to political subject with classical methods. By this means, Montesquieu paved the way for promotion of modern political thought. The author, explains and interprets Montesquieuʹs political thoughts, especially those related to the separation of power, individual rights and political freedon and scrutinizes the influences of these ideas on limitting political absolutism and absolute government in the Modern time. The author has enjoyed Spragensʹ theory, titled: Understanding Political Theory, in order to explain the nature of political theories.