تاثير كيفيت معماري منظر پرديس دانشگاهي بر كاربرد آموزشي آن

Effects of University Campus Landscapes on Learning Quality of Students

به دنبال گسترش موسسات آموزش عالي در كشور براي پاسخگويي به نياز جوانان در سالهاي اخير، موسسات آموزش عالي فراواني در ساختمانهاي بسته و فاقد فضاهاي باز به وجود آمده، كه هدف اصلي از اين ايجاد، گسترش كمي مكانهاي بسته آموزشي بوده است. در حال حاضر نياز فوق متعادل شده و زمان مناسبي است تا به اهميت بررسي و تحقيق پيرامون تاثير فضاهاي باز سايتهاي دانشگاهي بر ارتقاي كيفيت آموزش پرداخته شود. هدف اين پژوهش، بازخواني نظريه هاي طراحي منظر، بهخصوص نظريه بازسازي تمركز ذهني و مقايسه تطبيقي مولفه هاي آن در برخي از پرديسهاي دانشگاهي موجود شهر تهران است؛ كه در اين مقاله پژوهش فوق بر محيط و منظر دانشگاه شهيد رجايي تهران متمركز است. در اين تحقيق از عكسهاي تهيه شده صحنه هاي منظر دانشگاه شهيدرجايي، در تشريح مولفه هاي نظريه بازسازي تمركز ذهني استفاده و در ماتريسي به نام «طراحي و مطلوبيت» ارايه شده است كه خود مبين كيفيت منظر مشاهده شده است. عكسهاي منتخب به همراه درجهبندي آنها در ماتريس طراحي و مطلوبيت در نقشه سايت بيانگر شدت و ضعف طراحي منظر در تهيه آنها است و راهنماي كاربردي مناسبي براي بهبود وضع موجود و يا طرحهاي آينده است. نهايتاً اينكه، يافتن مولفه هايي براي ارتقاي دانش طراحي و مديريت منظر در سايتهاي دانشگاهي، به گونه اي كه موجب بهبود كيفيت آموزش محوري محيطهاي باز پرديسهاي دانشگاهي شود؛ هدف نهايي اين پژوهش است.

An important aspect of designing landscapes of university campuses has always been promoting the quality of learning among students. Most universities in Iran have been constructed in a way to address this point as much as possible.Therefore, it may be worth to have a closer look at the real effects of campus landscape designs on the quality of students’ learning abilities. The purpose of the current research is to review and analyze the theories of landscape designing particularly the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and examine their manifestations in some of Tehran’s university campuses. The focus, however, is on Shahid Rajaee University. A further theory that has been studied in the present research is Gibson’s Affordance theory which, of course, still needs to be thoroughly examined through further investigations For this research, about 150 pictures from views, vistas and scenes of Shahid Rajaee campus landscape were analyzed. Eventually, 52 pictures were picked to study the four parameters of Attention Restoration Theory (Being Away, Extent, Fascination and Complexity) as well as ART’s theory matrix (preference matrix). In conclusion, a new matrix named ‘design and preference’ was presented which has been developed based on preference matrix. This new matrix manifests the quality of perceived image in minimum four degrees. It helps to show the quality of landscape designs from the viewpoint of designers, campus managers and students. As the research parameters in Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU) campus indicate, an informed design of landscape elements on the campuses can help promote tired mind. However, making an informed landscape on the semi natural environments such as university campuses, in a way that could lead to the restoration of mental focus in both academic and administrative affairs needs more research and consideration in psychology and ecology approaches. The next step in this research deals with an assessment of students’ perception of the desirability of each point (vista or scene) of view of the university campuses. For this, photo questionnaires are used to obtain the required data. This is a topic that could be used for future researches. Also, more researches need to be carried out over Gibsonʹs theory about the environmental features of university campus and it could be a perfect subject for further research. Finally, the main aim of this research is to determine key parameters that could be utilized for promoting the current understanding of landscape designs in campuses of universities and accordingly enhance the students’ learning abilities.