كاوشي پيرامون مباني فقهي شوراي نگهبان در نظام مقدس جمهوري اسلامي ايران

An Exploration on the Jurisprudential Bases and Principles of the Guardian Council in the Holy System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

چكيده براي بررسي موضوع در اين پژوهش به مباني فقهي شورا، نظارت و شوراي نگهبان مي‌پردازيم كه شامل آيه‌هاي قرآن و روايت‌ها و سيره‌ي عملي پيامبر(ص) و نيز اهل بيت عليهم السلام است. سه عنوان فقهي قاضي منصوب از سوي رهبر، وكيل و نايب رهبري و كارشناس ناظر از سوي رهبر، به عنوان كار شورا قابل تصور بوده و نظر برترآمده است. در پايان سير تطور انديشه‌ي سياسي و آراي فقهاي شيعه در اين زمينه در دو مرحله فقهاي دوره‌ي مشروطه كه از بنيان گذاران شكل ابتدايي اين نهاد (اصل طراز)بوده مانند؛ شيخ فضل الله نوري، ثقه الاسلام تبريزي و آيت الله ناييني و دوره‌ي معاصر ودر راس تمام آنها حضرت امام خميني بررسي شده است.

This paper is an attempt to study the basics and principles of the council, supervision, and the guardian council, including the Guranic verses as well as traditions versions and the ways of living of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his Household. For this purpose, the paper proceeds to consider three jurisprudential titles of the appointed judge by the leader, deputy, and vice leader, and professional supervisor by the leader. Finally, the article seeks to investigate the evolution of various political thoughts, and the views of the shi’itie jurists in that concern in two respects as follows: the jurists in the constitution period, who were among the founders of the primitive aspect of the organ such as sheikh Fazl-al-lah Noori, Tabrizi, Ayat-al-lah Na’ eimi , and in the contemporary period, the head of whom is Holy Imam khumaini(R.A.).