بررسي اثرمحلول‎پاشي سلنيوم بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دو رقم گندم در شرايط آبياري كامل و تنش خشكي (قطع آبياري)

The study of the effect of Selenium on yield and yield components of two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in normal irrigation and drought stress (Lack of the water) conditions

اين آزمايش به منظور مطالعه اثر سلنيوم بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دو رقم گندم در پاييز سال 1385 اجرا گرديد. طرح آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل اسپليت پلات در قالب بلوك‎هاي كامل تصادفي در 4 تكرار بود كه در آن عامل آبياري (A) در دو سطح شامل: آبياري معمولي و تنش كم آبي و عامل سلنيوم (B) در سه سطح صفر، mg/lit20 و mg/lit 25 به صورت فاكتوريل به عنوان عامل اصلي و رقم (C) در دو سطح شامل: آذر 2 و پيشتاز به عنوان عامل فرعي در نظر گرفته شد. نتايج حاصل از بررسي‎هاي آزمايشات مزرعه‎اي نشان داد كه: صفات وزن سنبله و عملكرد دانه در تيمارهاي مختلف آبياري اختلاف معني‎داري را نشان دادند. در شرايط آبياري كامل، وزن سنبله و عملكرد دانه به ميزان زيادي بيش‎تر از شرايط تنش خشكي (قطع آبياري) بود. همچنين بين ارقام مختلف گندم نيز اختلاف معني‎داري در وزن سنبله و عملكرد دانه مشاهده شد و رقم پيشتاز داراي وزن سنبله و عملكرد دانه بيش‎تري بود. در مورد صفت شاخص برداشت، از نظر سطوح مختلف آبياري و سلنيوم اختلاف معني‎داري مشاهده نگرديد. اما از نظر ارقام، رقم آذر2 شاخص برداشت بيش‎تري را نسبت به رقم پيشتاز دارا بود. در صفت وزن هزار دانه از نظر سطوح مختلف آبياري اختلاف معني‎داري در وزن هزار دانه مشاهده گرديد. در شرايط آبياري كامل، وزن هزار دانه بيش‎تر از شرايط تنش خشكي (قطع آبياري) بود. اثر سطوح مختلف محلول‎پاشي سلنيوم بر روي وزن هزار دانه غير معني‎دار بود.همچنين رقم آذر2 نسبت به رقم پيشتاز داراي وزن هزار دانه بيش‎تري بود. از نظر ارقام، رقم پيشتاز تعداد پنجه كل و تعداد پنجه بارور بيش‎تري را دارا بود. نتايج اندازه‎گيري‎هاي آزمايشگاهي نشان داد كه صفت رطوبت نسبي برگ در تيمارهاي مختلف آبياري داراي اختلاف معني‎داري بود و در شرايط آبياري كامل، رطوبت نسبي برگ به ميزان زيادي بيشتر از شرايط تنش خشكي (قطع آبياري) بود.

This experiment was carried out in fall in 2006 to study the effect of selenium on yield and yield components of two varieties of wheat(Azar2 & Pishtaz). The seeds of both varieties of wheat planted in normal and drought stress (Stopping the irrigation) conditions. Sodium Selenate(Na2SeO35H2O) was sprayed in 3 levels (b1=withness, b2=20mg/lit and b3=25mg/lit) on booting stage. The experimental design was arranged on Factorial split plot with 4 replications. Drought stress(Stopping the irrigation) and selenium used as factorial in main plot and wheat varieties in sub plot. In this experiment, factor(a) was named for irrigation treatment, factor(b) for Selenium treatment and factor(c) for wheat varieties. The most important assessed traits in the field were measuring of the Spike weight, Grain yield, Harvest Index(HI), Thousand grain weight, Mean of the number of total tillers- fertile tillers and Mean of the Spike length. We also assessed the RWC in the lab. The results of the field experiments showed that the traits as Spike weight and Grain yield had significant differences in various condition of irrigation. In well water condition, Spike weight and Grain yield were more than lack of the water condition. The results also showed the significant differences between the Spike weight and the Grain yield in varieties of wheat. Pishtaz variety had more Spike weight and Grain yield than Azar2. In Harvest Index(HI), there was no significant difference in various levels of Irrigation and Selenium spraying but we observed significant difference in varieties. Azar2 variety had more HI than Pishtaz variety. In thousand grain weight trait, there was significant difference in the different levels of watering. We had more thousand grain weight in well water condition than lack of the water condition. The various levels of Selenium spraying Was not effective on thousand grain weight and showed no significant difference. Also Azar2 variety had more thousand grain weight than Pishtaz. In the Mean of the number of total tillers- fertile tillers traits different levels of watering and selenium spraying showed no significant difference but these traits had significant difference between the varieties of wheat. The Pishtaz variety was superior about Mean of the number of total tillers and fertile tillers traits than Azar2. The Spike length trait had not significant difference in none of the various levels of watering, selenium spraying and varieties of wheat treatments. The separate assessed trait in the laboratory was measuring the percentage of relative water content of the leaf. Experimental results showed that the RWC had significant differences between the levels of watering in statistical analyses. In well water condition, the RWC was obviously more than lack of the water condition. The RWC showed no significant difference in various treatments of selenium spraying and wheat varieties.