خواطر رحماني و خواطر شيطاني از ديدگاه ملاصدرا

از نظر ملاصدرا، خاطر به مثابه پيام، داراي سه جزي اصلي است: (1) فرستنده پيام، (2) محتواي پيام، (3) گيرنده پيام. خاطر رحماني پيامي است كه از جانب فرشته فرستاده مي‌شود و الهام نام دارد و ويژگي آن سوق دهندگي انسان به سوي خير يعني به فعليت رساندن قوا براساس حكم عقل و به طور متعادل است. خاطر شيطاني پيامي است كه از جانب شيطان فرستاده مي‌شود، وسوسه نام دارد و انسان را به سوي شر سوق مي‌دهد؛ به اين معني كه باعث مي‌شود وي به برخي قواي خود بيشتر بپردازد و آنها را به صورت نامتعادل به فعليت برساند. انسان با جنبه عالي خود كه همان مرتبه عقل اوست با ملايكه ارتباط برقرار كرده، خواطر رحماني دريافت مي‌كند و با جنبه سافل خود كه همان مرتبه وهم اوست با شياطين ارتباط برقرار كرده و خواطر شيطاني دريافت مي‌نمايد. عوامل دريافت خواطر دو دسته اند: (1) عوامل الهي: عامل الهي دريافت خاطر رحماني توفيق و عامل الهي دريافت خاطر شيطاني خذلان نام دارد؛ (2) عوامل انساني: مقصود رفتارها و اعمالي است كه اگر نيكو بوده و براساس عقل باشد انسان را مستعد پذيرش خواطر رحماني مي‌كند واگر ناپسند بوده و براساس شهوت و وهم باشد نفس انساني را آماده پذيرش خواطر شيطاني مي نمايد.

According to Mulla Sadra, inner thought (khatir) in terms of a message, has three main components: 1. Sender of the message, 2. Content of the message, 3. Recipient of the message. Compassionate inner thought is a message that is sent by the angel and is called inspiration, characterized by driving a person toward good; i.e., to actualize the faculties according to the judgment of the intellect and in a moderate way. Satanic inner thought is a message sent by the Satan, is called temptation, and drives man toward evil; namely, it makes him deal more with some of his faculties and actualize him in an immoderate way. With his sublime state of being, i.e. his level of intellect, man relates to the angels and receives compassionate inner thoughts; and with his lower state of being, i.e. his level of imagination (wahm), he relates to the devils and receives satanic inner thoughts. There are two groups of causes for receiving inner thoughts: 1. Divine causes: the divine cause for receiving compassionate inner thought is called tawfiq (success) and the cause for receiving satanic inner thought is called khidhlan (abandonment); 2. Human causes: it means the behaviors and actions that if desirable and based on intellect, they would make man prepared for accepting divine inner thoughts, but if they are undesirable and based on lust and fantasy they would make human soul vulnerable to accepting satanic inner thoughts.