رده بندي علوم در ايالات متحده امريكا

RANKING OF SIENCE IN USA

For more than 10 years, the United States of America has had the highest rankings for two major criteria of Scientometry: both the number of papers and the number of citations indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). For the USA, the number of papers is almost fourfold of that of Japan, the second country in paper production. The number of citations compared to England, the second country in terms of citations, is 5.3 times more. The average number of citations per paper, as the third scientometric parameter,ʹputs the USA in the sixth position after Guinea Bissau, Bermuda, Senegambia, Rwanda and Switzerland. There is some evidence showing that the "average citations per paper" by itself cannot be a valid scientometric criterion. Investigations on science production in 22 fields of study show that among all countries, the USA has ranked first for both the number of papers and citations. Within these areas of research, clinical medicine, chemistry and "biology & biochemistry" by 23.2%, 77% and 7.5% of papers ranked 1-3, respectively. Considering the number of references and citations made, the clinical medicine (25.9%), "biology & biochemistry" (12.8%), and "molecular biology & genetics" (10.6%) receive the top three places.