بررسي تطبيقي طرح و توقيعه در ادب پارسي و عربي

Comparative Study of "Tarh" and "Towghi" in Persian and Arabic Literature

Tarh poem in Persian and Towghi in Arabic are two kinds of modern poetry which are told in a meaningful way by using a few words. We can say that short classic poems in Persian and Arabic are replaced by Tarh and Towghi which are recognized by Persian and Arabic poets in early 70s of 2(T century. History of Persian short poems goes back to the old short poems and then to "Khosravi-ha" and history of Arabic short poems goes back to Towghi of Abbasiʹs time. The most important reasons for the spread of this kind of poems are: Change of opinion about the world, speed and hurry, change in collective feelings, business and lack of time, traditionsʹ violation and being influenced by others. This kind of poem in Persian was started by Nimaʹs short poems and was followed by Bizhan Jalili, Ziaʹoddin Khaleghi, Mohammad Zahri, Mansur Owji and Sirus Nowzari. In Arabic it was started by Amin Al-Reyhani and Jobran Khalil Jobran and was followed by Ezzoddin Monasere, Ahmad Matar, Mozzaffar Nawab and Ebrahim Nasrollah. In this research, the properties of Tarh and Towghi like language, meter and rhyme, brevity and semantic norm breaking and attraction of subject are studied, and also it is shown that although this kind of poem is affected by foreign poems, it is not a copy of them, and it goes back to old poems of these two literatures.