رويكرد اسلامي به روابط بين الملل در مقايسه با رويكردهاي رئاليستي و ليبراليستي

Islamic Approach to International Relation; a Comparative Study with Realism and Liberalism

Islam as a universal religion adopts a specific approach to the International Relations. This approach is different from realism and liberalism as the two major theorizing trends within the mainstream of western IR. The IR theories have various meta-theoretical principles, namely, ontology, epistemology, and methodology. These principles, however, strengthen their adopted approaches to the IR. As a consequence, their views about the entity of IR become different. This article is a comparative study of principles of ontology of the Islamic Theory of IR with the two major trend of western I.R namely, liberalism and realism. In the course of the discussion two following questions are answered: 1. What are the principles of the ontology of Islamic IR? 2. What is the major difference between the Islamic Theory of IR and the two other trends namely, liberalism and realism? In order to answer these questions two theories are examined in parallel with each other. These two theories are: 1. The principles of the ontology of Islamic IR have a humanistic trend and they are pessimistic like realism or optimistic like liberalism. In other words, according to Islamic thought the entity of human being is a mixture of human nature and instinct, religious- oriented policies and the theory of Godly-oriented government. So, the prominent principle in IR is the authenticity of peace. 2. The sharp distinction between the Islamic theory of IR and liberalism and realism is in their ontological principles of Islamic IR. Islamic IR, according to its ontological principles, has presented an interpretation about the nature of IR which is more compatible with the reality of the International system than realism and liberalism. This paper is the result of a library research and the research methodology is analytical.