بررسي ارتباط بين ميزان تركيبات فنلي و پوست در 3 رقم سيب قرمز در ژاپن

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Phenolic Compounds and Skin Color in Three Red Apple Cultivars in Japan

This study was carried out in Japan for evaluation of the relationship between phenolic compounds and skin color indices of 3 apples cultivars including ʹFujiʹ, ʹJonathanʹ and ʹJonagoldʹ, in 2006. In ʹJonathanʹ, L* (lightness) increased with decreasing red color of skin. In ʹJonagoldʹ, chroma increased with increasing red color. But in ʹFujiʹ, there was no detectable difference between these parameters and visual color change of the skin. In all three cultivars, anthocyanins and quercetins increased with increasing visible red color (decreasing L* value and hue angle). Phenolic content of the fruit pulp of studied cultivars was not related to fruit external color. Total phenolic compounds of ʹFujiʹ pulp were higher than those of ʹJonathanʹ and ʹJonagoldʹ. There was a significantly positive correlation between anthocyanin and quercetin 3-galactoside in all three examined cultivars. In ʹJonathanʹ and ʹJonagoldʹ chroma was high in the fruits with higher content of anthocyanin, which was accompanied by higher amount of quercetin; however, this relationship was not detected in ʹFujiʹ. ʹJonagoldʹ peel showed higher content of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid than ʹJonathanʹ and ʹFujiʹ apples. There was no significant relationship between the skin color and pulps phenolic content of various fruits of each cultivar with different peel color. Total phenolic in ʹFujiʹ flesh was higher than that of ʹJonathanʹ and ʹJonagoldʹ. Analysis of correlation coefficient between skin external color and phenolics content showed that red color of peel is mainly due to anthocyanins and quercetins.